Epigenetic control by plant polycomb proteins: new perspectives and emerging roles in stress response
Résumé
In eukaryotes, cell-fate determination, differentiation and developmental programs require precise spatial and temporal control of gene expression. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key transcriptional regulators in these mechanisms. Research over the past decade has demonstrated the significance of the Polycomb system in establishing silent chromatin states and perpetuating them through cell divisions. PcG-mediated gene silencing is a fundamental and conserved mechanism employed by both plants and animals. In plants these proteins maintain cell identity and imprinting and control important developmental transitions, hence having agronomical impacts. In this chapter, we discuss the impact of Polycomb regulation in controlling epigenetic states in plants. We highlight recent reports on the role of long non-coding RNAs as PcG cofactors and the involvement of PcG complexes in stress responses. Indeed, how plants respond to environmental stresses by modifying expression of the genome is a challenge in plant biology, and unexplored links between stress response and PcG regulation are promising.
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