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              <p>Objectives – Based on the data from the ELFE Study (French longitudinal study from infancy) and on a large sample of births in France in 2011, the first objective of this work was to describe the total breastfeeding duration (infants consuming breast-milk along with whatever others foods and drinks associated), and distinguish predominant breastfeeding duration (breastmilk is the only milk consumed by infants). The second objective was to determine which factors were associated to breastfeeding duration.Methods – The ELFE Study follows up more than 18,000 infants born in 2011 in 320 French randomly selected maternity wards. Data relative to infant feeding were collected by interview at birth, by phone at 2 months and 1 year, and by monthly self-reported questionnaire between 3 and 10 months. Bivariate regression analyses, performed on breastfed infants (n=12,657), were used to assess relationships between breastfeeding duration and sociocultural, economic and demographic factors.Results – Among the 70% of mothers, which initiated breastfeeding, the median duration was 17 weeks for any breastfeeding and 7 weeks for predominant breastfeeding. Only 19% of infants still received breastmilk at 6 months. Any breastfeeding duration was shorter in mothers younger than 30 years old, single, with a low education level or returning to work before 10 weeks after delivery. By contrast, breastfeeding duration was longer for upper-class mothers (compared to employees), in parental leave (compared to those who were active), and for those who attended courses to be prepared for birth. Breastfeeding was also longer when fathers were present at delivery. Factors associated with any breastfeeding duration or predominant breastfeeding duration were overall consistent, except for parental country of birth, and the father’s professional status.Conclusion – Breastfeeding duration in France is far from the 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding recommended by World Health Organization (infants receiving only breast-milk without any other drinks, not even water). This first analysis suggests that barriers to longer breastfeeding are related to familial situation, employment status, and also factors linked with education level, and culture.</p>
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              <p>Objectifs – À partir des données de l’étude Elfe (Étude longitudinale française depuis l’enfance), le premier objectif de ce travail était de décrire, sur un large échantillon représentatif des naissances en France métropolitaine en 2011, la durée totale de l’allaitement (durée pendant laquelle l’enfant reçoit du lait maternel quels que soient les autres aliments ou boissons associés), puis de distinguer celle de l’allaitement prédominant (le seul lait reçu par l’enfant est le lait maternel). Le second était d’identifier les facteurs socioculturels, démographiques et économiques associés à la durée d’allaitement.Méthodes – L’étude Elfe suit plus de 18 000 enfants nés en 2011 dans 320 maternités françaises sélectionnées de manière aléatoire. Les données sur l’alimentation de l’enfant ont été recueillies par entretien à la naissance, par téléphone à 2 mois et à 1 an, et par auto-questionnaire mensuel entre 3 et 10 mois. Des régressions linéaires bivariées, réalisées sur les enfants ayant été allaités (n=12 657), ont permis de tester les associations entre la durée d’allaitement et les facteurs socioculturels, démographiques et économiques.Résultats – Parmi les 70% de mères ayant initié un allaitement, la médiane de la durée totale d’allaitement était de 17 semaines et celle de l’allaitement prédominant était de 7 semaines. Seuls 19% des enfants recevaient encore du lait maternel à 6 mois. La durée totale d’allaitement était plus courte chez les mères âgées de moins de 30 ans, vivant seules, ayant un faible niveau d’études ou ayant repris le travail moins de 10 semaines après l’accouchement. En revanche, l’allaitement était plus long chez les mères cadres (par rapport aux mères employées), en congé parental (par rapport à celles qui avaient un emploi) ainsi que chez celles ayant suivi des séances de préparation à la naissance. L’allaitement était également plus long lorsque les pères avaient assisté à l’accouchement. Les facteurs associés à la durée totale d’allaitement et à celle de l’allaitement prédominant étaient similaires, à l’exception du pays de naissance des parents et de la situation professionnelle du père.Conclusion – La durée d’allaitement en France est loin des 6 mois d’allaitement exclusif recommandés par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (enfants recevant uniquement du lait maternel à l’exclusion de toute autre boisson, y compris de l’eau). Cette première analyse suggère que les limites à l’allaitement prolongé sont associées à la fois à la situation familiale, à la situation vis-à-vis de l’emploi et à des facteurs liés à l’éducation et à la culture.</p>
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