Oration “Responsuri” of Pope Pius II (11 December 1459, Mantova). Edited and translated by Michael von Cotta-Schönberg. Final Version (2025). (Collected Orations of Pope Pius; 52)
Résumé
When a French embassy reached the Congress of Mantua in November 1459, it soon became evident that its primary aim was not to negotiate the French contribution to a crusade against the Turks but to present the French complaints and objections concerning the investiture of Ferrante of Aragon as King of Naples and to demand that the pope invest René d’Anjou with the kingdom instead, which - according to the French - rightfully belonged to René. In his oration, the “Responsuri”, the pope defended himself against the French accusations, justifying his actions with the military situation at the time as well as legal obligations incumbent on the papacy and political pressures. Consequently, he denied the French claims but declared his willingness to have the whole matter tried in court. At the end of the oration, the pope severely criticized the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges from 1438, which greatly restricted the pope’s authority in French ecclesiastical matters and appointments.
Mots clés
- Giacomo Piccinino
- Ferrante I of Aragon
- Pope Pius II
- Renaissance oratory
- Renaissance rhetorics
- Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges 1438
- Papal States
- Congress of Mantova
- King René d’Anjou
- Jacopo Piccinino
- Renaissance orations
- King Charles VII of France
- Ferdinand I of Naples
- Ferrante I of Naples
- 1459
- Kingdom of Naples
- Wars
- 15th century
- Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini
- Æneas Silvius Piccolomini
- Enea Silvio Piccolomini
- Papa Pio II
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