This chapter questions the contribution of geographical indications for sustainable development of territories from the development of an analytical framework based on a redefinition of the concept of public good. After outlining the boundaries of the traditional approach of public property as it is conveyed by the neoclassical economic literature, we propose an alternative view from the work of I. Kaul (2001, 2004) whose hypothesis is that public goods are socially constructed linking the decision, consumption and distribution issues. We then propose to strengthen the operational dimension of this grid by introducing the question of the definition and allocation of rights and the notion of public service principles. Applied to the issue of protection devices and product management in GI, this grid provides ultimately a tool for understanding how GIs contribute to sustainable development of territories through the production of environmental goods, social, economic and cultural goods.