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            <title xml:lang="en">Qualification of the adaptive capacities of livestock farming systems</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia&lt;/i&gt;, 2009, 38, pp.397-404. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982009001300039"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1590/S1516-35982009001300039&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title level="j">Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">RESILIENCE</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">SYSTEM REGULATIONS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ROOM FOR MANOEUVRE</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">FLEXIBILITY</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ADAPTATION</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">RESILIÊNCIA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">REGULAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">FLEXIBILIDADE</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ESPAÇO PARA MANOBRA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ADAPTAÇÃO</term>
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              <p>This paper aims at exploring what is covered by « adapting to last » with a farming systems approach. Long term dynamics can be analysed as adaptive cycles, the system being permanently exposed to disturbances and shocks. Mobilizing the concept of resilience, we analyse the factors that differentiate the principles for long term action the livestock farmers have, principles which give consistency to the family – farms trajectories. With the concept of operational flexibilty, we qualify the sources of flexibility the livestock farmers maintain to cope with hazards. They are internal, related to the production process regulation properties, to the technical (adaptive or rigid) specifications, to the sales policies, or external related to the information and commercial networks. Understanding the production process regulation properties require livestock farming systems models (i.e. combining decisional and biological sub-systems) that can simulate how herd dynamics operate under fluctuant rules or productive parameters. It also require to evaluate the room for manoeuvre the work organization let to the farmer. All these aspects are illsutrated with on farm studies in herbivore systems (sheep, dairy, beef).</p>
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              <p>Este artigo busca explorar "adaptações a mudanças" sob a ótica de sistemas de produção animal. Dinâmicas de longo prazo podem ser analisadas como ciclos adaptativos, sendo o sistema permanentemente exposto a distúrbios e choques. Utilizando o conceito de resiliência, analisam-se os fatores que diferenciam os princípios para ações de longo prazo tomadas por produtores rurais, princípios estes que dão consistência à família - trajetórias da propriedade rural. Com o conceito de flexibilidade operacional, qualificam-se as fontes de flexibilidade que os produtores mantêm para lidar com riscos. Eles são internos, relacionados a propriedades de regulação do processo produtivo, a especificações técnicas (adaptáveis ou rígidas), a políticas de vendas; ou externos, relacionados a redes de informação ou comercialização. A compreensão das propriedades de regulação do processo de produção exige modelos de sistemas de produção animal (i.e. por combinação de sub-sistemas de decisão e biológicos) que possam simular como a dinâmica do rebanho opera sob regras variáveis ou parâmetros produtivos. É necessário também avaliar o espaço para manobra da organização do trabalho deixado ao produtor. Todos esses aspectos são ilustrados com estudos em sistemas de pastagens (ovino, bovino de leite, bovino de corte).</p>
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