Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species
M.A. Sutton
(1)
,
E. Nemitz
(1)
,
J.W Erisman
(2)
,
C. Beier
(3)
,
K. Butterbach Bahl
(4)
,
Pierre Cellier
(5)
,
W. de Vries
(6)
,
F. Cotrufo
(7)
,
U Skiba
(1)
,
C. Di Marco
(1)
,
S. Jones
(1)
,
Patricia Laville
(5)
,
Jean-François Soussana
(8)
,
Benjamin Loubet
(5)
,
M. Twigg
(1)
,
D. Famulari
(1)
,
J. Whitehead
(9)
,
M.W. Gallagher
(9)
,
A. Neftel
(10)
,
C.R. Flechard
(10)
,
B. Herrmann
(10)
,
P.L. Calanca
(10)
,
J.K. Schjoerring
(11)
,
U. Daemmgen
(12)
,
L. Horvath
(13)
,
Y.P. Tang
(1)
,
B.A. Emmett
(14)
,
A. Tietema
(15)
,
J. Penuelas
(16)
,
M. Kesik
(4)
,
N. Brueggemann
(4)
,
K. Pilegaard
(3)
,
T. Vesala
(17)
,
C.L. Campbell
(1)
,
J.E. Olesen
(18)
,
U. Dragosits
(1)
,
M.R. Theobald
(1)
,
P. Levy
(1)
,
D.C. Mobbs
(1)
,
R. Milne
(1)
,
N. Viovy
(19, 20)
,
N. Vuichard
(19, 20)
,
J.U. Smith
(21)
,
P. Smith
(21)
,
P. Bergamaschi
(22)
,
D. Fowler
(1)
,
S. Reis
(1)
1
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
2 Clean Fossil Fuels
3 Risø National Laboratory
4 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
5 EGC - Environnement et Grandes Cultures
6 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
7 Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples
8 URAC - Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont
9 University of Manchester [Manchester]
10 Agroscope
11 KVL - Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole
12 Institut für Agrarekologie
13 OMSZ - Hungarian Meteorological Service
14 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor]
15 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
16 Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications
17 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
18 Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
19 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
20 MOSAIC - Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales
21 University of Aberdeen
22 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
2 Clean Fossil Fuels
3 Risø National Laboratory
4 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
5 EGC - Environnement et Grandes Cultures
6 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
7 Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples
8 URAC - Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont
9 University of Manchester [Manchester]
10 Agroscope
11 KVL - Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole
12 Institut für Agrarekologie
13 OMSZ - Hungarian Meteorological Service
14 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor]
15 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
16 Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications
17 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
18 Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
19 LSCE - Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette]
20 MOSAIC - Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales
21 University of Aberdeen
22 IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability
Jean-François Soussana
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1207476
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1932-6583
Benjamin Loubet
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 183881
- IdHAL : benjamin-loubet
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8825-8775
- IdRef : 183431294
C.R. Flechard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740158
- IdHAL : chris-flechard
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5954-9925
- IdRef : 230819842
J. Penuelas
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 20885
- IdHAL : jose-penuelas
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5635-7346
- IdRef : 153825375
N. Vuichard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 743248
- IdHAL : nicolas-vuichard
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3397-7948
- IdRef : 109358910
Résumé
Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N2 fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N2O, NO and bi-directional NH3 exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols