Ecological role of mycotoxins in wheat crop residues and consequences on the multitrophic interactions in the soil and further development of Fusarium graminearum
Résumé
Fusarium graminearum causes wheat head blight disease and produce different
mycotoxins (as Deoxynivalenol=DON) which are toxic for human and animal. During off season it
survives in the soil, on weeds and in crop residues. A 6 months study was conducted in controlled
conditions (microcosms of natural soil, 17°C, 80%WHC) to test whether the presence of DON in
the wheat crop residues gives advantages to F. graminearum to survive and develop a primary
inoculum during the decomposition process. This study was carried out in the presence of the whole
soil biota (i.e. fungi, bacteria, protozoa, nematodes and earthworms). Both F. graminearum and the
biota were monitored during the decomposition process. The wheat crop residues were placed on
the soil surface or incorporated into the natural soil. This experiment was conducted with (1mg
DON/kg soil-straw mixture) and without DON. This study suggested that the mycotoxins provided
a competitive advantage to F. graminearum and were deleterious towards the fungal community
and the nematodes but not towards the bacteria or the earthworms. However, all the results were not
statistically significant. The use of molecular tools as well as the forthcoming quantification of
DON in the residues during 24 weeks of observation will provide the clarification and may confirm
or not the trends we observed.
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Origine | Accord explicite pour ce dépôt |
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Origine | Accord explicite pour ce dépôt |
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