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                <term xml:lang="en">Vietnam</term>
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              <p>The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure of self-esteem for adolescents. This research is now being carried out in the framework of a sound cooperation project between the psychology faculties of the Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities (Vietnam), the Hanoi Institute of Psychology (Vietnam), and the Universities of Toulouse II and Nîmes (France). It respects the specific cultural aspects and has now set as its priority goal the development of measurement tools firmly anchored in the particularities of Vietnamese culture, while benefiting from the advances made in the west in this area. The creation and validation of the Vietnamese Self-Esteem Scale (EVES – Echelle Vietnamienne d'Estime de Soi) is one of the fruits of this cooperation. This study proceeded in two-step method : A cross-cultural adaptation of ETES (French scale) and thus created a new scale: EVES (Vietnamese Self-Esteem Scale) A study to validate this new instrument by an analysis of the factorial structure of the scale and of its internal consistency on an initial population of 264 adolescents, and a test-retest on 161 adolescents. Scale : The Toulouse Self-Esteem Scale (ETES-Oubrayrie et al., 1994), is a self-report measure for older children and adolescents. ETES consists of 60 items, each of which is rated on a 5-point Lickert-type scale. Cross-cultural adaptation : The cross-cultural adaptation includes a literal translation in the Vietnamese language as well as a cultural adaptation to the Vietnamese context. 4 phases : translation by qualified bilingual translators, backward translation, expert committee (child psychiatrist, psychologists and educationalist), testing. Sample : 264 adolescents (mean age = 16.57). The target population was aged from 14 to 19 years, was at high school and lived in the Ha Tay district of Hanoi city. Of the 264 adolescents, 77 were boys. Cross-cultural adaptation and construction of the Vietnamese Self-Esteem Scale (EVES) The cross-cultural adaptation includes a literal translation in the Vietnamese language as well as a cultural adaptation to the Vietnamese context. Conclusion : the Vietnamese Self-Esteem Scale (EVES) is short, simple, and easy to understand for the adolescent study group and is suitable for longitudinal use in adolescent clinical and developmental evaluation or in primary health care programs. Is a instrument to offer to the Vietnamese researcher and the Vietnamese clinician the twofold advantages of being both anchored in Vietnamese culture and of being a facilitator of international scientific exchanges. Its psychometric qualities make it a useful instrument because it evaluates a very important core aspect of the dynamics of the Vietnamese self : the three dimensions (family self, physical self, scholastic self) are indeed acknowledged as being highly important and of very great significance concerning adolescence. This Vietnamese instrument incorporates a richness of perspectives capable of giving an impetus to new studies and investigations that will provide an ever-fertile ground for scientific research.</p>
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