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                <term xml:lang="en">Optical links</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Time and frequency metrology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Frequency stabilized lasers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Fibre optics</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Fibres optiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Lasers stabilisés en fréquence</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Liens optiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Métrologie du temps et des fréquences</term>
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              <p>The distribution and the comparison of an ultra-stable optical frequency and accurate time using optical fibres have been greatly improved in the last ten years. The frequency stability and accuracy of optical links surpass well-established methods using the global navigation satellite system and geostationary satellites. In this paper, we present a review of the methods and the results obtained. We show that public telecommunication network carrying Internet data can be used to compare and distribute ultra-stable metrological signals over long distances. This novel technique paves the way for the deployment of a national and continental ultra-stable metrological optical network.</p>
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              <p>La distribution et la comparaison d'étalons de fréquence optique ultra-stables et d'échelle de temps ont été grandement améliorées depuis dix ans  par l'emploi de fibres optiques. La stabilité de fréquence et l'exactitude des liens optiques fibrés surpassent les méthodes bien établies fondées sur les communications satellitaires. Dans cet article, nous présentons les méthodes et les résultats obtenus pendant cette décade. Nous montrons que les réseaux de télécommunication publics transportant des données internet peuvent être utilisés pour comparer et distribuer des signaux métrologiques sur de grandes distances. Ceci ouvre la voie au déploiement d'un réseau métrologique à l'échelle nationale et continentale.</p>
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