Pest risk assessment made by France on Mycosphaerella citri considered by France as harmful in French overseas department of Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Rapport Année : 2008

Pest risk assessment made by France on Mycosphaerella citri considered by France as harmful in French overseas department of Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health

David Makowski

Résumé

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on 30 pest risk assessments made by France on organisms which are considered by France as harmful in four French overseas departments, i.e. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion. In particular, the Panel was asked whether these organisms can be considered as harmful organisms for the endangered area of the above departments, in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus potentially eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC. This document presents the opinion of the Panel on Plant Health on the full[1] pest risk assessment conducted by France on Mycosphaerella citri with Réunion considered as endangered area. Mycosphaerella citri is responsible for greasy spot and greasy spot rind blotch disease of citrus. The organism affects leaves and fruit resulting in defoliation and fruit blemishes. Yield losses of up to 45% have been reported for this disease. Grapefruit, lemon, early oranges and tangelos are most susceptible to greasy spot. The disease has also been noted on other genera of the family Rutaceae. The disease is spread by ascospores ejected by pseudothecia which have developed on decaying leaf litter. The life cycle of the disease is slow allowing considerable scope for control. High humidity and temperature favour disease development but the organism can complete its life cycle in arid regions also. The Panel examined in detail the risk assessment provided, and considered the accuracy and quality of the information provided and methods applied for pest risk assessment purposes. The review was based on the principles of the International Standard on Phytosanitary Measures ISPM No. 11[2]: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms (2004) by the International Plant Protection Convention (FAO, 2007b). The Panel concludes that: * If the current restrictions are rescinded, the probability of entry of M. citri into the PRA area[3] would be moderate to high on leafy propagation material but otherwise would be low. * The occurrence of family gardens containing host plants and the favourability of the climate would facilitate establishment and that therefore the probability of establishment would be moderate to high. * The probability of spread would be high due to the dispersal mechanism of the fungus, the likely occurrence of a large number of small holdings and family gardens cultivating citrus, where control measures are not usually undertaken, and the movement of leafy propagation material within the PRA area. * In agreement with the French document, the economic, social and environmental impacts would be moderate but only if disease control measures currently used against other citrus foliar pathogens in the PRA area were also effective against M. citri. Otherwise the Panel considers that additional control measures would be necessary leading to additional costs and that under these circumstances a rating of high would be appropriate. * Uncertainties remain regarding the geographical distribution of the pest, the host range of the pest and the effectiveness against M. citri of control measures currently employed in the PRA area against other citrus diseases. The Panel concludes that M. citri can be considered as a harmful organism for the French overseas department of Réunion in the meaning of the definition mentioned in Article 2.1.(e) of Directive 2000/29/EC and thus eligible for addition to the list of harmful organisms in Directive 2000/29/EC
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Dates et versions

hal-01173708 , version 1 (07-07-2015)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-01173708 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 29924

Citer

R. Baker, D. Caffier, J.W. Choiseul, P. de Clercq, E. Dormannsne-Simon, et al.. Pest risk assessment made by France on Mycosphaerella citri considered by France as harmful in French overseas department of Réunion - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health. [0] European Commission. 2008, pp.1-19. ⟨hal-01173708⟩
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