A Simplified Formulation for Rough Surface Cross-Polarized Backscattering Under the Second-Order Small-Slope Approximation - Archive ouverte HAL Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Année : 2015

A Simplified Formulation for Rough Surface Cross-Polarized Backscattering Under the Second-Order Small-Slope Approximation

Résumé

We present simplified expressions for the cross-polarized backscatter of a randomly rough surface predicted by the second-order small-slope approximation (SSA2). The simplification is based on appropriate polynomial approximations of the SSA2 kernel function. We obtain numerically efficient expressions for the cross-polarized backscattering amplitude of a deterministic surface in the form of a single space integral involving only the surface elevation and the second (mixed) derivative of the surface elevation. The ensemble average normalized radar cross section is then derived under a Gaussian random process assumption for the surface. The resulting expression has the form of a Kirchhoff integral involving the roughness correlation function and its second- and fourth-order cross-derivatives. Further simplification is achieved for off-nadir observations using a high-frequency approximation; the result is an analytical formula involving only the resonant curvature and the radar-filtered mean square slope in the out-of-plane direction. A numerical validation of the simplified expressions is provided by comparison with exact SSA2 predictions in representative test cases. The dependence of cross-polarized backscattering on the incidence angle as well as wind speed and direction is then investigated for the case of a directional sea surface model. At near nadir incidence, a clear maximum in azimuth of the cross-polarized backscatter is observed for radar look directions 45° from the wind direction.
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hal-01171571 , version 1 (10-07-2016)

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Charles-Antoine Guérin, Joel T. Johnson. A Simplified Formulation for Rough Surface Cross-Polarized Backscattering Under the Second-Order Small-Slope Approximation . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2015, 53 (11), pp.6308-6314. ⟨10.1109/TGRS.2015.2440443⟩. ⟨hal-01171571⟩
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