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            <title xml:lang="en">Critique of the Virtual : putting an end to Digital Dualism</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Virtual</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Simulation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Digital Monism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Digital Dualism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Monism</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Dualism</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Dualisme numérique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Monisme numérique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Monisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Dualisme</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Virtuel</term>
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              <p>The term virtual is generally used to describe what happens in a computer or on the Internet, that is to say, in a digital world as opposed to the physical world. Based on the deceptive opposition between virtual and real, this pseudo-definition is largely adopted by people and media, but also by various researchers in social and human sciences. The hypothesis that is defended in this paper is that this definition has no lexical, conceptual or scientific basis. How to explain, then, that this vulgate of the real and the virtual can be so successful ? What the virtual is it the name of, if not the symptom ? Why so many researchers, sometimes eminent, still believe in digital dualism ? This paper aims at showing that the concept of virtual carries a dualistic metaphysics imaginary which is obsolete and inadequate.</p>
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              <p>Le terme virtuel est le plus souvent employé pour désigner ce qui se passe dans un ordinateur ou sur Internet, c’est-à-dire dans un monde numérique par opposition au monde physique. Fondée sur l’opposition trompeuse entre virtuel et réel, cette pseudo-définition est largement adoptée par le sens commun et les médias, mais également relayée par de nombreux chercheurs des sciences humaines et sociales. L’hypothèse défendue dans cet article est que cette définition n’a aucun fondement lexical, conceptuel ou scientifique. Comment expliquer alors que la vulgate du réel et du virtuel ait autant de succès ? De quoi le virtuel est-il le nom, pour ne pas dire le symp- tôme ? Pourquoi tant de chercheurs, parfois éminents, persistent à croire au dualisme numérique ? L’article tente de montrer que le concept de virtuel est porteur d’un imaginaire métaphysique dualiste obsolète et inadéquat.</p>
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