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              <p>Une période de mise à jeûne des animaux permet de diminuer les risques de contamination des carcasses lors de l’éviscération. Les objectifs de cet essai sont d’étudier en détails les effets de la durée de jeûne et de la digestibilité du maïs sur les performances zootechniques de canards mulards gavés et sur la qualité de leurs foies. Les relations entre ces performances et le métabolisme des foies ont été étudiées. Un lot de 60 canards mulards a été élevé jusqu’à 12 semaines d’âge dans des conditions standards. Puis les canards ont été gavés soit avec du maïs waxy (riche en amylopectine et rapidement digestible) soit avec du maïs témoin. Pour étudier le métabolisme du foie en fonction du type de maïs et de la durée du jeûne, des analyses biochimiques, transcriptomiques et protéomiques ont été réalisées sur les foies obtenus après 9h et 15h de jeûne. Les foies de tous les canards ont un poids équivalent même si le taux de lipides est supérieur après 15h de jeûne (p=0,019). Mais le rendement technologique est supérieur de 7,0 points pour les canards gavés au  maïs waxy à 9h de jeûne (p=0,039). Ces différences de rendement technologique semblent s’expliquer par le taux de lipides qui est inférieur de 3,9 points lorsque le maïs waxy est utilisé (p=0,019) et par un niveau d’expression plus élevé des protéines et transcrits impliqués dans la glycolyse et la lipogenèse.</p>
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