Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists
Annegret Kohler
(1)
,
Alan Kuo
(2)
,
Laszlo G Nagy
(3, 4)
,
Emmanuelle Morin
(1)
,
Kerrie W Barry
(2)
,
Francois Buscot
(4, 5)
,
Björn Canbäck
(6)
,
Cindy Choi
(2)
,
Nicolas Cichocki
(1)
,
Alicia Clum
(2)
,
Jan Colpaert
(7)
,
Alex Copeland
(2)
,
Mauricio D Costa
(8)
,
Jeanne Doré
(9)
,
Dimitrios Floudas
(3)
,
Gilles Gay
(9)
,
Mariangela Girlanda
(10)
,
Bernard Henrissat
(11)
,
Sylvie Herrmann
(5)
,
Jaqueline Hess
(12)
,
Nils Högberg
(13)
,
Tomas Johansson
(6)
,
Hassine-Radhouane Khouja
(10)
,
Kurt Labutti
(2)
,
Urs Lahrmann
(14)
,
Anthony Levasseur
(11)
,
Erika A Lindquist
(2)
,
Anna Lipzen
(2)
,
Roland Marmeisse
(9)
,
Elena Martino
(1, 10)
,
Claude Murat
(1)
,
Chew y Ngan
(2)
,
Uwe Nehls
(15)
,
Jonathan M Plett
(1)
,
Anne Pringle
(16)
,
Robin A Ohm
(2)
,
Silvia Perotto
(10)
,
Martina Peter
(17)
,
Robert Riley
(2)
,
Francois Rineau
(7)
,
Joske Ruytinx
(7)
,
Asaf Salamov
(2)
,
Firoz Shah
(6)
,
Hui Sun
(2)
,
Mika Tarkka
(5)
,
Andrew Tritt
(2)
,
Claire Veneault-Fourrey
(1)
,
Alga Zuccaro
(14, 18)
,
Anders Tunlid
(6)
,
Igor V Grigoriev
(2)
,
David S Hibbett
(3)
,
Francis Martin
(1)
1
IAM -
Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes
2 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute
3 Department of Biology
4 Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged]
5 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
6 Department of Biology
7 Centre for Environmental Sciences
8 Departamento de Microbiologia
9 LEM - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557
10 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi
11 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques
12 Department of Biosciences [Oslo]
13 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology
14 Department of Organismic Interactions [Marburg]
15 Department of Ecology, Biology/Chemistry, Botany,
16 Harvard Forest
17 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
18 University of Cologne
2 US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute
3 Department of Biology
4 Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit [Szeged]
5 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
6 Department of Biology
7 Centre for Environmental Sciences
8 Departamento de Microbiologia
9 LEM - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557
10 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi
11 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques
12 Department of Biosciences [Oslo]
13 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology
14 Department of Organismic Interactions [Marburg]
15 Department of Ecology, Biology/Chemistry, Botany,
16 Harvard Forest
17 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
18 University of Cologne
Annegret Kohler
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 741288
- IdHAL : annegret-kohler
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9575-9567
- IdRef : 161080588
Alan Kuo
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 770173
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3514-3530
Emmanuelle Morin
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 184935
- IdHAL : eamorin
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7268-972X
Jeanne Doré
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1216586
- IdHAL : jeanne-dore
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3313-5975
Bernard Henrissat
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 833340
Kurt Labutti
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 758166
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5838-1972
Anna Lipzen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 773817
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2293-9329
Roland Marmeisse
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740207
- IdHAL : rolandmarmeisse
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1653-3517
- IdRef : 03291735X
Elena Martino
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740222
- IdHAL : elena-martino72
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3446-2994
Claude Murat
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 740263
- IdHAL : claudemurat
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0685-7307
- IdRef : 084060603
Martina Peter
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 762624
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6365-6889
Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 736756
- IdHAL : claire-veneault-fourrey
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9778-2659
- IdRef : 079706894
Alga Zuccaro
- Fonction : Auteur
David S Hibbett
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- Fonction : Auteur correspondant
- PersonId : 965567
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Francis Martin
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- Fonction : Auteur correspondant
- PersonId : 1203753
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4737-3715
- IdRef : 059918268
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Résumé
To elucidate the genetic bases of mycorrhizal lifestyle evolution, we sequenced new fungal genomes, including 13 ectomycorrhizal (ECM), orchid (ORM) and ericoid (ERM) species, and five saprotrophs, which we analyzed along with other fungal genomes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi have a reduced complement of genes encoding plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), as compared to their ancestral wood decayers. Nevertheless, they have retained a unique array of PCWDEs, thus suggesting that they possess diverse abilities to decompose lignocellulose. Similar functional categories of nonorthologous genes are induced in symbiosis. Of induced genes, 7-38% are orphan genes, including genes that encode secreted effector-like proteins. Convergent evolution of the mycorrhizal habit in fungi occurred via the repeated evolution of a 'symbiosis toolkit', with reduced numbers of PCWDEs and lineage-specific suites of mycorrhiza-induced genes.