The ability to accurately monitor, record, report and verify greenhouse gas emissions is the cornerstone of any effective policy to mitigate climate change. Accounting for Carbon provides the first authoritative overview of the monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of emissions from the industrial site, project and company level to the regional and national level. It describes the MRV procedures in place in more than fifteen of the most important policy frameworks - such as emissions trading systems in Europe, Australia, California and China, and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - and compares them along key criteria such as scope, cost, uncertainty and flexibility. This book draws on the work of engineers and economists to provide a practical guide to help government and non-governmental policy makers and key stakeholders in industry to better understand different MRV requirements, the key trade-offs faced by regulators and the choices made by up-and-running carbon pricing initiatives. Analyses how common issues are treated in existing carbon pricing mechanisms - helps readers to understand the key trade-offs faced by regulators when MRV procedures are implemented, and why different regulators may strike a different balance, depending on their specific context Includes 'MRV ID tables' for the policy frameworks and up-and-running carbon pricing schemes that are discussed - allows for easy comparison of the different MRV requirements in different systems Provides cost estimates of MRV and lists the nature and stringency of MRV requirements for most schemes/case studies - allows readers to benchmark MRV systems (particularly those currently being designed) against existing ones