Learning networks as change facilitators
Les réseaux apprenants comme facilitateurs du changement
Résumé
Today, it makes no more doubt than the organizational change cannot design as a simple linear process going from an organization A, towards an organization B. It comes within the scope of a process of oscillation between levels of individual appropriation and collective structuring (Vandangeon, on 1998). The individual appropriation is often realized by individuals who build themselves their own vision of the organization and review them beliefs by practicing the change (Gioia and Chittepeddi, on 1991). The collective structuring is approached as a process of organizational learning (Kim, on 1993), being able to take support on the development of a collective intelligence (Senge, on 1990). By being interested in the implementation of learning networks within the SNCF (FRENCH NATIONAL RAILWAY COMPANY), this article questions the capacity of the collective intelligence, supported by the only networks, to produce a change at the global level of the organization. It suggests then to spread the learning aims in the more classic functioning ways of the company and in particular in the projects mode. It also shows that the collective intelligence cannot be thought as an apart functioning way within the organization, but must be present in the daily practices of the actors.
Le changement est en général déployé au travers de projets avec un début, une fin et des livrables. Cette manière de conduire le changement tient peu compte de l’appropriation des dimensions du changement. Pour pallier les limites d’appropriation des changements en mode projet, la SNCF a mis en place des réseaux apprenants. Couplés avec le mode projet, les réseaux apprenants peuvent constituer une modalité efficace d’appropriation du changement. Une méthodologie qualitative d’analyse a posteriori de mises en place de réseaux apprenants a constitué un terrain pour traiter la problématique suivante : Comment les réseaux apprenants facilitent-ils les changements ?