The analysis and identification of the essential oils components of Abies numidica, endemic species of Algeria, was performed using the (GC-MS). The yield of essential oil samples is 0.4%. These analyses led to the identification of 36 components representing 95.5% of the total oil. The chemical composition of the essential oil is dominated by the products, α-pinene (22.6%), Limonene (19.7%), β-pinene (12.3%), Camphene (11.2%) and β-phellandrene (7.8%). Seven components are represented with a higher rate than 1%. The essential oil has a very effective antibacterial activity against bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, a modest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus and low activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The action of the oil is very strong on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a diameter inhibition of 27.7 mm.