<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-01105443</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-03T05:26:14+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Adrian</forename>
                <surname>Freed</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">831013-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Xavier</forename>
                <surname>Rodet</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">317388-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                <surname>Depalle</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">0c131b185cc115cc5942bfeb966547d3</email>
              <email type="domain">music.mcgill.ca</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">895397</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">318086-895397</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>ircam</forename>
                <surname>ircam</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">940422a1784042e68271c0065710df37</email>
              <email type="domain">ircam.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2015-01-23 14:50:44</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2023-03-24 14:53:00</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2015-01-23 15:15:09</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">1992</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2015-01-23</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-01105443v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2015-01-23"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-01105443v1/file/index.pdf" id="file-1105443-1190766">
                <date notBefore="2015-01-23"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="306805">
                <persName>
                  <forename>ircam</forename>
                  <surname>ircam</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">940422a1784042e68271c0065710df37</email>
                <email type="domain">ircam.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-01105443</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-01105443</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">freed:hal-01105443</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;ICSPAT (International Conference on Signal Processing Applications &amp; Technology&lt;/i&gt;, 1992, San José, United States</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">ICSPAT (International Conference on Signal Processing Applications &amp; Technology, 1992, San José, United States</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-1105443-1190766"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Université Pierre et Marie Curie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRCAM">Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="STMS" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sciences et technologies de la musique et du son</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC_POLE_1" corresp="UPMC">UPMC Pôle 1</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="commentary">cote interne IRCAM: Rodet92b</note>
            <note type="audience" n="3">National</note>
            <note type="invited" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
            <note type="proceedings" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Adrian</forename>
                    <surname>Freed</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">831013-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Xavier</forename>
                    <surname>Rodet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">317388-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                    <surname>Depalle</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">0c131b185cc115cc5942bfeb966547d3</email>
                  <email type="domain">music.mcgill.ca</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">895397</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">318086-895397</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-410616"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <meeting>
                  <title>ICSPAT (International Conference on Signal Processing Applications &amp; Technology</title>
                  <date type="start">1992</date>
                  <settlement>San José</settlement>
                  <country key="US">United States</country>
                </meeting>
                <imprint>
                  <date type="datePub">1992</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">analyse et synthèse sonores</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">desktop computer</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">digital sampling</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">FFT-1 method</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">frequency modulation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">additive synthesis</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.acou">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.signal">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="scco.neur">Cognitive science/Neuroscience</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COMM">Conference papers</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The idea of synthesizing sounds by summing sinusoidal oscillations [Helmholtz1863] has intrigued generations of musical instrument builders. ThaddeusCahill's electromechanical implementations [Nicholl 93] illustrate graphically thebasic challenge faced by these engineers--the creation of a large number ofoscillators with accurate frequency control. (...)One hundred years after Cahill's work, despite rapid gains in computationalaccuracy and performance, the state of the art in affordable single chip real-timesolutions to the problem of additive synthesis offers only 32 oscillators. Sincehundreds of sinusoids are required for a single low pitched note of the piano, forexample, current single chip solutions fall short by a factor of at least 20. This paper describes a new technique for additive synthesis, FFT-1, that offers aperformance improvement of this order. This technique also provides an efficientmethod for adding colored noise to sinusoidal partials, which is needed tosuccessfully synthesize speech and the Japanese Shakuhachi flute, for example.Before describing the details of the FFT-1 method, additive synthesis will becompared to the popular synthesis methods: frequency modulation[Chowning 73] and digital sampling.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-410616" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Analyse et synthèse sonores [Paris]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1, place Igor stravinsky, 75004, Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://anasynth.ircam.fr/home/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1374" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-5234" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR9912" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1374" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">198319352N</idno>
          <orgName>Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">STMS</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1 Place Igor Stravinsky 75004 PARIS</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ircam.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-5234" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR9912" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-5234" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0121jnt59</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRCAM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1, place Igor Stravinsky 75004 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ircam.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93591" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPMC</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upmc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>