This paper focuses on assessing the costs and effectiveness of climate adaptation strategies for existing reinforced concrete structures subject to chloride penetration and climate change. We will focus on reinforced concrete structures built in France at different times under different building codes. With regard to environmental actions, historical meteorological data are used to estimate the current state of deterioration and several climate change scenarios will be considered for assessing the effects of climate change. It is hoped that the results of this study provide practical guidance to decision makers to improve the management of reinforced concrete structures under a changing climate.