In this work we wish to report on the covalent functionalization of polylactide (PLA) surfaces by photoradical thiol–yne to yield antibacterial surfaces. At first, hydrophilic and hydrophobic thiol fluorescent probes are synthesized and used to study and optimize the conditions of ligation on alkyne-PLA surfaces. In a second part, a new antibacterial polyaspartamide copolymer is covalently grafted. The covalent surface modification and the density of surface functionalization are evaluated by SEC and XPS analyses. No degradation of PLA chains is observed, whereas covalent grafting is confirmed by the presence of S2p and N1s signals. Antiadherence and antibiofilm activities are assessed against four bacterial strains, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A strong activity is observed with adherence reduction factors superior to 99.98% and biofilm formation decreased by 80%. Finally, in vitro cytocompatibility tests of the antibacterial surfaces are performed with L929 murine fibroblasts and show cell viability without promoting proliferation.