Self-tuning dynamic vibration absorber for machine tool chatter suppression
Résumé
The current trend in machine tool design aims at stiffer machines with lower influence of friction, leading to faster and more precise machines. However, this is at the expense of reducing the machine damping, which is mainly produced by friction, and thus increasing the risk of suffering from a self-excited vibration named chatter, which limits the productivity of the process. Dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) offer a relatively simple and low cost solution to reduce chatter appearance risk by adding damping to the critical vibration modes. The proper tuning of the dynamic characteristics of the damper to the machine/process dynamics is the key for successful implementation. A new semi-active tuned mass damper concept is presented here, which combines three novelties: Automatic in-process chatter detection and optimal tuning frequency calculation by means of dedicated hard/software and embedded accelerometers. Automatic in-process tuning of the resonance frequency of the damper to the chatter frequency by means of a variable stiffness spring controlled by a motor. Damping is produced by eddy current effect, generated by the vibration of conductor plates within a magnetic field. Such a damper prototype has been designed and built, with performance, robustness, low cost and compactness as main goals, in order to achieve a system that can be used in real industrial applications. This damper has been designed to fit the requirements of a SORALUCE milling machine at IK4-IDEKO's facilities, which has been used for experimental validation. The main design and working principles of this damper and the improvement of the machining conditions allowed by the damper will be demonstrated by real milling experiments.
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