The aim of this paper is to describe the differences between males and females’ (kish individuals) mobility behaviour both for short and long distance trips. It also consists to explore how these dissimilarities can be understood, and discussed in terms of sustainability from the environmental point of view. To do so, we estimate carbon dioxide emissions to measure the effects of transport behaviour (mode, distance, number of trips). We also develop a methodology applied to the FNTS 2007-08 surveys for constructing mobility at the annual level (the overall mobility) making possible the comparison of global emissions levels for short and long distance trips. Moreover results of regressions computed for daily and long distance mobility suggests that for local mobility the differences observed between males and females are mainly due to the possession of a driving license and to the level of motorization. For long distance trips heterogeneity of emissions levels are related to income class and age category.