This study presents a stochastic method to optimize the inspection of reinforced concrete structures subjected to chloride penetration. The strategy is oriented to find the time interval between two consecutive inspections that (1) minimize the costs of inspection, preventive and corrective repair; and (2) ensure a given level of safety. The optimal interval is therefore determined by using stochastic processes and decision theory. The chloride penetration phenomenon is represented by a Markov chain whose transition matrix is determined from simulations.