Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western Eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics.
Claudio Ottoni
(1)
,
Linus Girdland Flink
,
Allowen Evin
,
Christina Geörg
,
Bea de Cupere
,
Wim van Neer
,
László Bartosiewicz
,
Anna Linderholm
,
Ross Barnett
,
Joris Peters
(2)
,
Ronny Decorte
(1)
,
Marc Waelkens
(1)
,
Nancy Vanderheyden
(1)
,
François-Xavier Ricaut
(3)
,
Canan Cakirlar
,
Ozlem Cevik
,
a Rus Hoelzel
,
Marjan Mashkour
(4)
,
Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb Karimlu
,
Shiva Sheikhi Seno
,
Julie Daujat
,
Fiona Brock
(5)
,
Ron Pinhasi
,
Hitomi Hongo
,
Miguel Perez-Enciso
,
Morten Rasmussen
,
Laurent Frantz
,
Hendrik-Jan Megens
,
Richard Crooijmans
(6)
,
Martien Groenen
(6)
,
Benjamin Arbuckle
(7)
,
Nobert Benecke
,
Una Strand Vidarsdottir
,
Joachim Burger
,
Thomas Cucchi
(4)
,
Keith Dobney
(8)
,
Greger Larson
1
Human Genetics
2 Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin
3 AMIS - Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse
4 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
5 Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford]
6 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre
7 Department of Anthropology, Baylor University
8 Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
2 Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin
3 AMIS - Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse
4 AASPE - Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
5 Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford]
6 Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre
7 Department of Anthropology, Baylor University
8 Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen
Linus Girdland Flink
- Fonction : Auteur
Allowen Evin
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : allowen-evin
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Christina Geörg
- Fonction : Auteur
Bea de Cupere
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 771168
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7559-8965
Wim van Neer
- Fonction : Auteur
László Bartosiewicz
- Fonction : Auteur
Anna Linderholm
- Fonction : Auteur
Ross Barnett
- Fonction : Auteur
Joris Peters
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0003-0894-2628
François-Xavier Ricaut
- Fonction : Auteur
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- IdHAL : francois-xavier-ricaut
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7609-7898
- IdRef : 139293590
Canan Cakirlar
- Fonction : Auteur
Ozlem Cevik
- Fonction : Auteur
a Rus Hoelzel
- Fonction : Auteur
Marjan Mashkour
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 176173
- IdHAL : marjan-mashkour
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3630-9459
- IdRef : 057725977
Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb Karimlu
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 750395
- IdHAL : azadeh-mohaseb
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3130-6603
Shiva Sheikhi Seno
- Fonction : Auteur
Julie Daujat
- Fonction : Auteur
Ron Pinhasi
- Fonction : Auteur
Hitomi Hongo
- Fonction : Auteur
Miguel Perez-Enciso
- Fonction : Auteur
Morten Rasmussen
- Fonction : Auteur
Laurent Frantz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 771169
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8030-3885
Hendrik-Jan Megens
- Fonction : Auteur
Benjamin Arbuckle
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767122
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5445-5516
Nobert Benecke
- Fonction : Auteur
Una Strand Vidarsdottir
- Fonction : Auteur
Joachim Burger
- Fonction : Auteur
Thomas Cucchi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 169800
- IdHAL : thomas-cucchi
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6021-5001
- IdRef : 092842453
Keith Dobney
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 767123
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9036-4681
- IdRef : 074145339
Greger Larson
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 769740
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4092-0392
Résumé
Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ~8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages.