<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00952674</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-05T20:27:15+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Phytoplanktonic response to contrasted Saharan dust deposition events during mesocosm experiments in LNLC environment</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Céline</forename>
                <surname>Ridame</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">3fc62c07babb482dd6c44c784bc5d6b5</email>
              <email type="domain">locean.ipsl.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">celine-ridame</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">973899</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">222836-973899</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-1127</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/152813403</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-397680"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Dekaezemacker</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">806432-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-191652"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Cécile</forename>
                <surname>Guieu</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">3958949e47342ac75c880792ef0dca9c</email>
              <email type="domain">obs-vlfr.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">cecile-guieu</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">734634</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">132114-734634</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-8326</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?hl=fr&amp;user=PVO386wAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/101283415</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1037"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sophie</forename>
                <surname>Bonnet</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">8b086931313576f11622edc5f2ea3e88</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">sophie-bonnet</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">19978</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14914-19978</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6274-2015</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-8216</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/101282583</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6274-2015</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-191652"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                <surname>L'Helguen</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bf83aead27c2603ce83e24c9d97ffdb6</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-brest.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">stephane-lhelguen</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">177974</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">9978-177974</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-606X</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/18039634X</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-441569"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-81089"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">F.</forename>
                <surname>Malien</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">806433-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-446053"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Françoise</forename>
                <surname>Pinsard</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">7326c23e5e075950f0af5e6023eab200</email>
              <email type="domain">locean.ipsl.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2016-01-13 15:02:08</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-07 05:12:09</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2016-01-13 17:32:45</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2014-01</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2016-01-13</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-00952674v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2016-01-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="publisherPaid" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-00952674v1/file/bgd-11-753-2014.pdf" id="file-1255351-1335297">
                <date notBefore="2016-01-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-753-2014"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="112738">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Françoise</forename>
                  <surname>Pinsard</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">7326c23e5e075950f0af5e6023eab200</email>
                <email type="domain">locean.ipsl.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00952674</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00952674</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">ridame:hal-00952674</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Biogeosciences Discussions&lt;/i&gt;, 2014, 11, pp.753-796. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-753-2014"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.5194/bgd-11-753-2014&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Biogeosciences Discussions, 2014, 11, pp.753-796. &amp;#x27E8;10.5194/bgd-11-753-2014&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-1255351-1335297"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRD">IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA">CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MNHN">Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-BREST">Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest (UBO)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PARIS">Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Université Pierre et Marie Curie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLN">Université de Toulon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AMU">Aix Marseille Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNES">CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IFREMER">IFREMER : Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IUEM" corresp="UNIV-BREST">Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LEMAR" corresp="IUEM">LEMAR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="THESES_IUEM" corresp="IUEM">Thèses de l'IUEM</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MIO" corresp="OSU-INSTITUT-PYTHEAS">Institut Méditerranéen d'Oceanologie - Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OSU-INSTITUT-PYTHEAS">OSU INSTITUT PYTHEAS</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LOCEAN">Valorisation des savoir-faire des membres de LOCEAN</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LOV" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UVSQ">Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="BTP" corresp="LOCEAN">BTP - Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UPMC_POLE_3" corresp="UPMC">UPMC Pôle 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CMM">Campus Mondial de la Mer</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCIENCES" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Faculté des Sciences de Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-SCI" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Sciences - Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="FR-636" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UMS-829" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Institut de la mer de Villefranche</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UP-SCIENCES">Université Paris Cité - Faculté des Sciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-PSL" corresp="PSL">École normale supérieure - PSL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SU-TI">Sorbonne Université - Texte Intégral</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LOV_CHOC" corresp="LOV">Chimie-Océan-Climat</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IPSL_LOCEAN" corresp="SORBONNE-UNIVERSITE">Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MIO-BIOGEO" corresp="MIO">Biogéochimie</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Phytoplanktonic response to contrasted Saharan dust deposition events during mesocosm experiments in LNLC environment</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Céline</forename>
                    <surname>Ridame</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">3fc62c07babb482dd6c44c784bc5d6b5</email>
                  <email type="domain">locean.ipsl.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">celine-ridame</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">973899</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">222836-973899</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-1127</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/152813403</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-397680"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Dekaezemacker</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">806432-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-191652"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Cécile</forename>
                    <surname>Guieu</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">3958949e47342ac75c880792ef0dca9c</email>
                  <email type="domain">obs-vlfr.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">cecile-guieu</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">734634</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">132114-734634</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6373-8326</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?hl=fr&amp;user=PVO386wAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/101283415</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1037"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sophie</forename>
                    <surname>Bonnet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">8b086931313576f11622edc5f2ea3e88</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-amu.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">sophie-bonnet</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">19978</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14914-19978</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6274-2015</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9886-8216</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/101282583</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6274-2015</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-191652"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                    <surname>L'Helguen</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">bf83aead27c2603ce83e24c9d97ffdb6</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-brest.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">stephane-lhelguen</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">177974</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">9978-177974</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-606X</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/18039634X</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-441569"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-81089"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">F.</forename>
                    <surname>Malien</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">806433-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-446053"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">285</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1810-6277</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1810-6285</idno>
                <title level="j">Biogeosciences Discussions</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>European Geosciences Union</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">11</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">753-796</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2014-01</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="bibcode">2014BGD....11..753R</idno>
              <idno type="doi">10.5194/bgd-11-753-2014</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.phys.phys-geo-ph">Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The response of the phytoplanktonic community (primary production and algal biomass) to contrasted Saharan dust events (wet and dry deposition) was studied in the framework of the DUNE "a DUst experiment in a low-Nutrient, low-chlorophyll Ecosystem" project. We simulated realistic dust deposition events (10 g m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;) into large mesocosms (52 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;). Three distinct experimental dust additions were conducted in June 2008 (DUNE-1-P: simulation of a wet deposition, DUNE-1-Q: simulation of a dry deposition) and 2010 (DUNE-2-R1, -R2: simulation of 2 successive wet depositions) in the northwestern oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea. No changes in primary production (PP) and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) were observed after a dry deposition event while a wet deposition event resulted in a rapid (24 h after dust additions), strong (up 2.4 fold) and long (at least a week duration) increase in PP and Chl a. We show that in addition to being a source of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), simulated wet deposition events were also a significant source of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; (net increases up to +9.8 μM NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; at 0.1 m depth) to the nutrient depleted surface waters due to cloud processes and mixing with anthropogenic species such as HNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. The dry deposition event was shown to be a negligible source of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;. By transiently increasing DIP and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; concentrations in P-N starved surface waters, wet deposition of Saharan dust was able to relieve the potential N or NP co-limitation of the phytoplanktonic activity. Due to the higher input of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; relative to DIP, a wet deposition event resulted in a strong increase in the NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;/DIP ratio from initially &lt; 6 to over 150 at the end of the DUNE-2-R1 experiment suggesting a switch from an initial N or NP co-limitation towards a severe P limitation. We also show that the contribution of new production to PP increased after wet dust deposition events from initially 15% to 60-70% 24 h after seeding, indicating a switch from a regenerated-production based system to a new-production based system. DUNE experiments show that wet and dry dust deposition events induce contrasted responses of the phytoplanktonic community due to differences in the atmospheric supply of bioavailable new nutrients. Our results from original mesocosm experiments demonstrate that atmospheric dust wet deposition greatly influences primary productivity and algal biomass in LNLC environments, changes nutrient stocks and alters the NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;/DIP ratio leading to a switch in the nutrient limitation of the phytoplanktonic activity.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-397680" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">BTP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2014-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2018-02-28</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-2069" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1899" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-59704" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81173" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300340" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-307314" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="FR636" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="USM402" active="#struct-7512" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-67872" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UM71" active="#struct-93591" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR7159" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-191652" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">167663925</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000417586271</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220349W</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05258q350</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152368</idno>
          <orgName>Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MIO</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>M.I.O. Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie Bâtiment Méditerranée163 Avenue de Luminy13288 Marseille</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.mio.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR_D235" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UM110" active="#struct-198056" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7294" active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7294" active="#struct-303091" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7294" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1037" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">153688688</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000403668890</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200112481S</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05r5y6641</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LOV</orgName>
          <date type="start">2001-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Observatoire Océanologique Station zoologique 181, chemin du lazaret BP 28 06230 VILLEFRANCHE SUR MER Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.obs-vlfr.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1847" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMS829" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7093" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-81089" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">16700705X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000406380577</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200816948S</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01b8h3982</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LEMAR</orgName>
          <date type="start">1996-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>IUEM Technopôle Brest-Iroise - rue Dumont d'Urville - 29280 Plouzané - FRANCE</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/lemar</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR195" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="LEMAR" active="#struct-300022" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR6539" active="#struct-300314" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR6539" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-446053" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000090569663 </idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02h2x0161</idno>
          <orgName>Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">GEOMAR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel</addrLine>
              <country key="DE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.geomar.de/en/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2069" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">200918490N</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LOCEAN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2005-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - case 100 - 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05 ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Centre de recherche d'Ile-de-France - 32, avenue Henri Varagnat - 93143 Bondy Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.locean.ipsl.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1899" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-59704" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81173" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300340" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-307314" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="FR636" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="USM402" active="#struct-7512" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UM71" active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7159" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-1899" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">200610636P</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IPSL</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 Place Jussieu 75252 PARIS CEDEX 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ipsl.jussieu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-59704" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81173" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300340" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-307314" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="FR636" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-59704" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">031738419</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000123532622</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05a0dhs15</idno>
          <orgName>École normale supérieure - Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS-PSL</orgName>
          <date type="start">1985-07-24</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>45, Rue d'Ulm - 75230 Paris cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ens.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-81173" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">03082057X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2323 0229 </idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03mkjjy25</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UVSQ</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-07-22</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>55 avenue de Paris - 78035 Versailles cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.uvsq.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93591" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02en5vm52</idno>
          <orgName>Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPMC</orgName>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 place Jussieu - 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.upmc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300016" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026372061</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122998025</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00jjx8s55</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q868550</idno>
          <orgName>Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de SaclayCentre de GrenobleCentre de Cadaracheetc</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cea.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300340" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027309320</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121581279</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05hy3tk52</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q273626</idno>
          <orgName>École polytechnique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">X</orgName>
          <date type="start">1794-03-11</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.polytechnique.edu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-563936" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-563936" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">238327159</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000502717600</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/042tfbd02</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q48759778</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Polytechnique de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IP Paris</orgName>
          <date type="start">2019-06-02</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ip-paris.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-307314" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNES</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>18 avenue Edouard Belin 31401 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-7512" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026394944</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03wkt5x30</idno>
          <orgName>Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MNHN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>57, rue Cuvier - 75231 Paris Cedex 05</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mnhn.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67872" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">050165224</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05q3vnk25</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>SiègeLe Sextant 44, bd de DunkerqueCS 9000913572 Marseille cedex 02</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ird.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/035xkbk20</idno>
          <orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303091" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">031122337</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02m9kbe37</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Toulon</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UTLN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Avenue de l'Université - BP 20132 - 83957 La Garde Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tln.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-1847" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">031348491</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000406386661</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200112481S</idno>
          <orgName>Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">OOVM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1983-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2017-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Observatoire Océanologique BP 28 06234 VILLEFRANCHE SUR MER CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.obs-vlfr.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-93591" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMS829" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300022" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">027783073</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121634107</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/044jxhp58</idno>
          <orgName>Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IFREMER</orgName>
          <date type="start">1984-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://wwz.ifremer.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-300314" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">291809022</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121880893</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0372th171</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Brest</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UBO EPE</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Bretagne Occidentale - 3 Rue des Archives 29238, Brest</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-brest.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>