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                <term xml:lang="fr">croissance</term>
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              <p>The effects of defaunation on growth and digestion were measured on sheep consuming four mixed diets (D1 to D4) of Digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate, with different protein to energy ratios. The protein digestible in the intestine (protein French feeding system, PDI) to energy (Forage unit, energy French feeding system) levels (P/E) in the diets were 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) and 140 (D4). Conventional and ciliate-free animals were conducted in parallel in 4 × 4 Latin square designs. First, two Latin square designs were conducted with 20 faunated lambs and 20 defaunated lambs to measure the average daily gain. In addition, two other Latin square designs were conducted with 8 conventional mature rams and 8 ciliate-free mature rams to measure digestion parameters. There was no effect of the diet on the average daily gain (ADG) of the lambs. The ADG of faunated lambs was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) compared with defaunated lambs with the D2 diet (153.7 vs. 211.6, s.e. = 13.0 g*d-1). The feed conversion ratio was higher with conventional lambs compared with ciliate-free lambs with the D2 diet (7.2 vs. 4.7, s.e. = 1.6 g*g-1, P &lt; 0.05). The same trend was observed with the energy conversion ratio for the D2 diet (6.0 vs. 4.0, s.e. = 0.7 10-3 UFL*g-1, P &lt; 0.05). The differences of ADG between conventional and ciliate-free lambs can be explained by the higher supply of protein in ciliate-free animals when the energy was not the first limiting factor for microbial and animal growth. Duodenal non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) flow was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01) by defaunation (144 vs. 172, s.e. = 5.5 g NAN*d-1). However, the differences of NAN flow, observed between faunated and defaunated rams, were only significant (P &lt; 0.01) with the D3 diet. The duodenal microbial N flow was significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher with ciliate free rams compared with conventional ones, consuming diets D2 and D3. A better microbial synthesis efficiency and a higher nitrogen digestion for the defaunated animals, explain the differences in nitrogen availability between the animals.</p>
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              <p>Les effets de la défaunation sur la digestion de rations mixtes (herbe de Digitaria decumbens et concentré) et la croissance de moutons. Quatre régimes mixtes (D1 à D4) composés de fourrage Digitaria decumbens et de concentré, différenciés par le rapport protéine / énergie dans le régime, ont été constitués. Le niveau de protéines digestibles dans l'intestin (Système PDI français) / énergie (UF, unité fourragère du Système français) de la ration (P/E) était de 80 (D1), 100 (D2), 120 (D3) et 140 (D4). Des animaux conventionnels et des animaux dépourvus de protozoaires ont été utilisés dans des dispositifs en carré latin 4 × 4 menés en parallèle. D'une part, deux dispositifs en carré latin ont été conduits avec 20 agneaux faunés et 20 agneaux défaunés afin de mesurer leur gain de poids moyen quotidien (GMQ). D'autre part, deux autres dispositifs en carré latin ont été conduits en parallèle avec 8 béliers adultes conventionnels et 8 béliers dépourvus de protozoaires, afin de mesurer les paramètres de la digestion. Il n'y a pas eu d'effet de la ration sur la croissance des agneaux. Le GMQ des agneaux faunés a été significativement (P &lt; 0,05) inférieur à celui des agneaux défaunés avec la ration D2 (153,7 vs. 211,6, s.e. = 13,0 g*j-1). L'indice de transformation de l'aliment a été supérieur pour les agneaux faunés comparativement aux agneaux défaunés pour la ration D2 (7,2 vs. 4,7, s.e. = 1,6 g*g-1, P &lt; 0,05). La même tendance a été observée en ce qui concerne l'indice de transformation de l'énergie pour la ration D2 (6,0 vs. 4,0, s.e. = 0,7 10-3 UF*g-1, P &lt; 0,05). Les différences de croissance entre les agneaux faunés et défaunés ont été expliquées par une plus grande disponibilité en protéines des animaux défaunés quand l'énergie n'était pas le premier facteur limitant de la croissance microbienne ou animale. Le flux duodénal d'azote non ammoniacal a été significativement augmenté par la défaunation (144 vs. 172, s.e. = 5,5 g d'N non ammoniacal*j-1, P &lt; 0,01). Cependant, les différences de flux d'azote non ammoniacal observées entre béliers faunés et défaunés n'ont été significatives (P &lt; 0,01) qu'avec la ration D3. Les flux d'azote microbien ont été significativement (P &lt; 0,01) plus élevés pour les animaux défaunés comparativement aux animaux faunés avec, les rations D2 et D3. Une meilleure efficacité de la synthèse microbienne ajoutée à une plus grande digestion de l'azote en faveur des animaux défaunés ont expliqué les différences de disponibilité en azote entre ces animaux.</p>
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