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                <term xml:lang="en">seed filling</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">seed filling</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">remplissage des graines</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">symbiotic fixation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">N assimilation</term>
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              <p>Seed filling depends not only on the instantaneous supply of C and N, but also on their remobilisation from vegetative organs. C supply during seed filling depends mostly on current photosynthesis, but N assimilation and N$_2$ fixation decline during seed filling, with newly acquired N generally insufficient for the high seed demand. As seeds are strong sinks for mobilised nutrients, seed growth becomes metabolically closely associated with N remobilisation. N remobilisation from vegetative tissues to filling seeds interacts with photosynthesis since it induces senescence, which reduces the seed filling period. Hence improved grain legume seed filling requires either reduced dependency on N remobilisation or enhanced N supply. This latter might be obtained either by prolonging the activity of symbiotic fixation, increasing the potential for root assimilation of soil mineral N or optimising complementarity between both N acquisition pathways, which does not affect the quantity and the quality of the seed reserves.</p>
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              <p>Remplissage des graines de légumineuses en relation avec la nutrition azotée : revue et prospective avec en référence le pois protéagineux. Le remplissage des graines dépend non seulement de l'offre instantanée en C et en N mais aussi des remobilisations à partir des organes végétatifs. Durant le remplissage des graines l'offre en C repose principalement sur la photosynthèse, l'assimilation d'azote minéral du sol et la fixation symbiotique diminuant durant cette période. L'azote exogène récemment accumulé étant alors insuffisant pour satisfaire les besoins élevés des graines, leur vitesse de croissance devient alors associée métaboliquement aux remobilisations d'azote. Ces remobilisations d'azote interagissent avec la photosynthèse, induisent la sénescence, ce qui réduit la durée de remplissage des graines. L'amélioration du remplissage des graines de légumineuses repose, soit sur une dépendance réduite envers les remobilisations d'N, soit sur une fourniture d'azote exogène accrue. Cette dernière peut être obtenue, soit en prolongeant l'activité de la fixation symbiotique, soit en augmentant le potentiel pour l'assimilation racinaire de l'azote minéral du sol ou encore en optimisant la complémentarité entre les deux modes de prélèvement d'azote, ce qui n'affecte pas la quantité ou la qualité des réserves des graines.</p>
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