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            <title xml:lang="en">Sap flow measurement by a single thermal dissipation probe: exploring the transient regime</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Mesure du flux de sève par sonde de dissipation thermique unique : exploitation du régime transitoire</title>
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                <forename type="first">Imen</forename>
                <surname>Mahjoub</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Mohamed M.</forename>
                <surname>Masmoudi</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Jean-Paul</forename>
                <surname>Lhomme</surname>
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                <forename type="first">Netij</forename>
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              <date type="whenProduced">2009</date>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Annals of Forest Science&lt;/i&gt;, 2009, 66 (6), &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009043"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1051/forest/2009043&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Sap flow measurement by a single thermal dissipation probe: exploring the transient regime</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Mesure du flux de sève par sonde de dissipation thermique unique : exploitation du régime transitoire</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Imen</forename>
                    <surname>Mahjoub</surname>
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                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mohamed M.</forename>
                    <surname>Masmoudi</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">748797-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jean-Paul</forename>
                    <surname>Lhomme</surname>
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                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Netij</forename>
                    <surname>Ben Mechlia</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">748798-0</idno>
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                <idno type="issn">1286-4560</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1297-966X</idno>
                <title level="j">Annals of Forest Science</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010)</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2009</date>
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              <idno type="doi">10.1051/forest/2009043</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">sap flow</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">thermal dissipation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">single probe</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">transient regime</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">olive species&lt;br&gt;---&lt;br&gt;flux de sève</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">dissipation de chaleur</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">sonde unique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">régime transitoire</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">olivier</term>
              </keywords>
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              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
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              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
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              <p> In thermal dissipation method the stationary regime is used to estimate sap flow density from the temperature difference between a heating probe and a non-heating one.* A new approach, based on the non-stationary regime of a single heating probe, is investigated on an olive tree branch. Probe temperature is monitored for different flow densities and for heating and cooling modes. Measurement sequences of 10 min using 5 s time steps are made just after the heating is switched on or off.* Results show that temperature variation has a quasi-exponential phase whose duration decreases for increasing flow densities. Thermal indices using temperature of the probe measured at initial, final, and intermediate times ti were developed. Relationships between sap flow density and thermal indices were found to be linear for ti = 10s − 60s with better coefficients of determination in cooling mode (R2 = 0.94− 0.96) than in heating (R2 = 0.83− 0.93). Validation tests confirmed the robustness of the single probe method with lowest error obtained for ti = 20 s.* Single probe method seems to be a promising technique to measure tree sap flow. Its application could be considered under cooling mode using ti = 20 s and relatively short measurement sequences e.g. 5-10 min.</p>
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              <p> La méthode de dissipation de chaleur utilise le régime stationnaire pour estimer la densité de flux de sève à partir de la température d'une sonde chauffée et une sonde non chauffée. * Une nouvelle approche exploitant le régime transitoire d'une seule sonde est testée sur une branche d'olivier. Des séquences de mesure de la température de la sonde sont réalisées pour différentes densités de flux. Les mesures sont effectuées toutes les 5 s pendant les 10 min qui suivent la mise en route ou l'arrêt du chauffage. * La variation de la température présente une phase quasi-exponentielle de durée inversement proportionnelle à la densité de flux. Des indices thermiques utilisant les températures de la sonde aux instants initial, final et intermédiaire ti ont été développés. Les relations entre les densités de flux et ces indices sont de type linéaire pour ti = 10s − 60s avec des coefficients de détermination plus élevés en refroidissement (R2 = 0.94− 0.96) qu'en chauffage (R2 = 0.83− 0.93). Un travail de validation a confirmé la robustesse de la méthode, l'optimum étant ti = 20 s. * La méthode de la sonde unique semble être une technique prometteuse pour mesurer le flux de sève des arbres. Son application est envisageable en mode refroidissement avec ti = 20 s et des séquences de mesure relativement courtes : 5-10 min.</p>
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