Deformations of harmonic mappings and variation of the energy
Résumé
We study the deformations of twisted harmonic maps $f$ with respect to the representation $\rho$. After constructing a continuous ''universal'' twisted harmonic map, we give a construction of every first order deformation of $f$ in terms of Hodge theory; we apply this result to the moduli space of reductive representations of a Kähler group, to show that the critical points of the energy functional $E$ coincide with the monodromy representations of polarized complex variations of Hodge structure. We then proceed to second order deformations, where obstructions arise; we investigate the existence of such deformations, and give a method for constructing them, as well. Applying this to the energy functional as above, we prove (for every finitely presented group) that the energy functional is a potential for the Kähler form of the ''Betti'' moduli space; assuming furthermore that the group is Kähler, we study the eigenvalues of the Hessian of $E$ at critical points.
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