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                <term xml:lang="en">Pavement</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">GEL DEGEL</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">CHAUSSEE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">DEGRADATION</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">EAU</term>
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              <p>In light of the damage witnessed on France’s road network over the past winters, network managers and the scientific community have been seeking to understand the phenomena at play in order to prevent against such degradation. The research undertaken between 2006 and 2009 by the “water-freezing” working group as part of LCPC’s Fondephy research project1 has allowed for an in-depth investigation of a few field cases and the generation of leads for future studies regarding the damage mechanisms capable of taking place over both the long and short term. Among these mechanisms, the phenomenon of sliding, recently observed on the Nantes pavement fatigue carrousel, has been noted between wearing course and foundation layer; this finding has altered the generally held perception of pavement operations specific to the overlaying of bituminous layers and may justify a fatigue occurring over the upper part of the pavement, exacerbated at higher temperature. From another perspective, the phenomenon of swelling of frozen asphalt mixes exposed to partial water saturation could also be explored thanks to recent observations during laboratory experiments that had been inspired from soil freezing/thawing test campaigns. This mechanism may give rise to the sudden appearance of potholes at the pavement surface when exposed to winter weather conditions.</p>
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              <p>Suite aux dégâts rencontrés sur le réseau routier français ces derniers hivers, les gestionnaires de réseau et la communauté scientifique ont cherché à comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu afin de prévenir de telles dégradations. Les travaux menés entre 2006 et 2009 par le groupe de travail 'eau-gel' de l’opération de recherche Fondephy1 du LCPC ont permis d’investiguer en détail quelques cas de terrain et d’apporter des pistes de réponse, quant aux mécanismes d’endommagement à long et court terme susceptibles de s’être mis en place. Parmi ceux-ci est évoqué un phénomène de glissement, récemment observé sur le manège routier de Nantes, entre couche de roulement et couche de base, qui modifie la perception du fonctionnement généralement admis, de la superposition de couches bitumeuses et qui pourrait justifier d’une fatigue en partie haute de chaussée, notamment à température élevée. Dans un autre ordre d’idée, on rend compte du phénomène de gonflement au gel d’enrobés bitumineux partiellement saturés en eau, récemment observé également, au cours d’expérimentations en laboratoire, inspirées des essais de gel/dégel sur sols. Ce mécanisme pourrait être à l’origine de l’apparition subite de nids de poule en surface de chaussée, en conditions hivernales.</p>
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