<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00775881</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-26T08:56:53+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Anisotropic Isolation by Distance: The Main Orientations of Human Genetic Differentiation.</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Flora</forename>
                <surname>Jay</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">72710507a7279dcf5851801de6ad7503</email>
              <email type="domain">lri.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">flora-jay</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">16890</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">18991-16890</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/156843005</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-4730</idno>
              <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/280235145</idno>
              <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/0000000387344676</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-391841"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Per</forename>
                <surname>Sjödin</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">605762-0</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mattias</forename>
                <surname>Jakobsson</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">760964</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">384001-760964</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-7853</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-170779"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Michael G B</forename>
                <surname>Blum</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bbbef0ead346176a1b1fadd952a3bd0f</email>
              <email type="domain">imag.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">854172</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">733428-854172</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-391841"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Michael Gb</forename>
                <surname>Blum</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">bbbef0ead346176a1b1fadd952a3bd0f</email>
              <email type="domain">imag.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2013-01-14 16:30:15</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-09-27 18:43:39</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2013-01-14 16:30:15</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2012-12-16</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563970"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="139843">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Michael Gb</forename>
                  <surname>Blum</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">bbbef0ead346176a1b1fadd952a3bd0f</email>
                <email type="domain">imag.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00775881</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00775881</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">jay:hal-00775881</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Molecular Biology and Evolution&lt;/i&gt;, 2012, epub ahead of print. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss259"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1093/molbev/mss259&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012, epub ahead of print. &amp;#x27E8;10.1093/molbev/mss259&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UGA">HAL Grenoble Alpes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IMAG">IMAG</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-GRENOBLE1">Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INPG">Institut polytechnique de Grenoble</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TIMC-IMAG">TIMC</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TIMC-IMAG-BCM" corresp="TIMC-IMAG">BCM : Biologie Computationnelle et Mathématique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON">Université de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TEST-UGA">TEST-UGA</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Anisotropic Isolation by Distance: The Main Orientations of Human Genetic Differentiation.</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Flora</forename>
                    <surname>Jay</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">72710507a7279dcf5851801de6ad7503</email>
                  <email type="domain">lri.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">flora-jay</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">16890</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">18991-16890</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/156843005</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-4730</idno>
                  <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/280235145</idno>
                  <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/0000000387344676</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-391841"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Per</forename>
                    <surname>Sjödin</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">605762-0</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mattias</forename>
                    <surname>Jakobsson</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">760964</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">384001-760964</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-7853</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-170779"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Michael G B</forename>
                    <surname>Blum</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">bbbef0ead346176a1b1fadd952a3bd0f</email>
                  <email type="domain">imag.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">854172</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">733428-854172</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-391841"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">17159</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0737-4038</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1537-1719</idno>
                <title level="j">Molecular Biology and Evolution</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">epub ahead of print</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2012-12-16</date>
                  <date type="dateEpub">2012-12-16</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1093/molbev/mss259</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">23171862</idno>
              <idno type="pubmedcentral">PMC3563970</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.gen.gpo">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="math.math-st">Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="stat.th">Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Genetic differentiation among human populations is greatly influenced by geography due to the accumulation of local allele frequency differences. However, little is known about the possibly different increment of genetic differentiation along the different geographical axes (north-south, east-west, etc.). Here, we provide new methods to examine the asymmetrical patterns of genetic differentiation. We analyzed genome-wide polymorphism data from populations in Africa (n = 29), Asia (n = 26), America (n = 9), and Europe (n = 38), and we found that the major orientations of genetic differentiation are north-south in Europe and Africa, and east-west in Asia, but no preferential orientation was found in the Americas. Additionally, we showed that the localization of the individual geographic origins based on single nucleotide polymorphism data was not equally precise along all orientations. Confirming our findings, we obtained that, in each continent, the orientation along which the precision is maximal corresponds to the orientation of maximum differentiation. Our results have implications for interpreting human genetic variation in terms of isolation by distance and spatial range expansion processes. In Europe, for instance, the precise northnorthwest-southsoutheast axis of main European differentiation cannot be explained by a simple Neolithic demic diffusion model without admixture with the local populations because in that case the orientation of greatest differentiation should be perpendicular to the direction of expansion. In addition to humans, anisotropic analyses can guide the description of genetic differentiation for other organisms and provide information on expansions of invasive species or the processes of plant dispersal.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-391841" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Biologie Computationnelle et Mathématique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TIMC-IMAG-BCM</orgName>
          <date type="end">2015-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www-timc.imag.fr/bcm</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-707" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-51016" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-89889" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301767" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5525" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-170779" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Evolutionary Biology</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Uppsala</addrLine>
              <country key="SE"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-50873" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-707" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">14728936X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 4687 1979</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199511969L</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03985kf35</idno>
          <orgName>Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TIMC-IMAG</orgName>
          <date type="start">1993-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2015-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www-timc.imag.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-51016" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-89889" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301767" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5525" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-51016" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404796</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02aj0kh94</idno>
          <orgName>Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UJF</orgName>
          <date type="end">2015-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>BP 53 - 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ujf-grenoble.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-89889" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388804</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05sbt2524</idno>
          <orgName>Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Grenoble INP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>46 avenue Félix Viallet 38031 Grenoble Cedex 1</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.grenoble-inp.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301767" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01c7wz417</idno>
          <orgName>VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">VAS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile (campus vétérinaire); Université de Clermont, VetAgro Sup, 63370 Lempdes (campus agronomique)</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.vetagro-sup.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-50873" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026431661</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/048a87296</idno>
          <orgName>Uppsala University</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Box 256, SE-751 05 Uppsala</addrLine>
              <country key="SE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.uu.se/en/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>