Power Manager with PID controller in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks
Résumé
System lifetime is the crucial problem of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and exploiting environmental energy provides a potential solution for this problem. When considering self-powered systems, the Power Manager (PM) plays an important role in energy harvesting WSNs. Instead of minimizing the consumption energy as in the case of battery powered systems, it makes the harvesting node converge to Energy Neutral Operation (ENO) to achieve a theoretically infinite lifetime and maximize the system performance. In this paper, a low complexity PM with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is introduced. This PM monitors the buffered energy in the storage device and performs adaptation by changing the wake-up period of the wireless node. This shows the interest of our approach since the impractical monitoring harvested energy as well as consumed energy is not required as it is the case in other previously proposed techniques. Experimental results are performed on a real WSN platform with two solar cells in an indoor environment. The PID controller provides a practical strategy for long-term operations of the node in various environmental conditions.
Mots clés
energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
power manager
PID controller
proportional integral derivative controller
indoor environment
solar cells
energy consumption
environmental energy
three-term control
telecommunication control
self-powered systems
battery powered systems
energy neutral operation
buffered energy
storage device
wake-up period
wireless node
Wireless sensor networks
Energy harvesting
Capacitors
Batteries
Wireless communication
Monitoring