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                <term xml:lang="en">Radio transmitters</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Long term evolution</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cellular radio</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">3G mobile communication</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Base stations</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Transmitters</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Distorsion</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Vectors</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Noise</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Radio transmitter</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Power consumption</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Multimode base station deployments</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Multicarrier macrocell base stations</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">LTE</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Cellular signals</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Convergent multistandard cellular base-station transmitters</term>
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              <p>Modern cellular base stations are becoming increasingly multi-carrier and multi-standard/multi-mode for improved efficiency and manageability. Primary among prospective multi-mode base station deployments will be those that are reconfigurable but also capable of simultaneous transmission of several types of cellular signals. However, unified or convergent-transmitter design is challenging, particularly with the small specified tolerances for signal distortion. We present an analysis of the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) specifications for GSM/EDGE, UMTS and LTE, based on simulated EVM sensitivity to various distortions, focusing on a convergent transmit chain for multi-standard, multi-carrier macro-cell base stations. These analyses illustrate a method of deriving preliminary radio transmitter performance (phase noise, IQ imbalances, noise floor etc.) requirements, alongside helping to expose bottlenecks and performance tradeoffs necessary to optimize power consumption. A preliminary distribution of distortion or performance among the blocks is presented, to achieve the less than 5% multi-mode EVM budget, for worst-case scenarios.</p>
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