<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00719577</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-04T04:47:15+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="da">Partially-Hidden Markov Models.</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Emmanuel</forename>
                <surname>Ramasso</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">64193ce663bc2536f73e5f5960ec408e</email>
              <email type="domain">lis.inpg.fr</email>
              <ptr type="url" target="https://emmanuelramasso.github.io/"/>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">833271</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">140087-833271</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=ZA3OKi0AAAAJ</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7453</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/P-8784-2014</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/123171199</idno>
              <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/207206798</idno>
              <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/000000014093026X</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/P-8784-2014</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-866"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Noureddine</forename>
                <surname>Zerhouni</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">15ae76f4eca03a7ca6717c17825f8453</email>
              <email type="domain">ens2m.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">841487</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">118968-841487</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-866"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                <surname>Denoeux</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">723a33714c46049f7203cef2e8ecf03e</email>
              <email type="domain">hds.utc.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">tdenoeux</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">2983</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">3609-2983</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-5436</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058663495</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-389870"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Martine</forename>
                <surname>Azema</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">24ed69d7786a56d94e443068b8e2a026</email>
              <email type="domain">ens2m.fr.invalid</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2012-07-20 10:58:34</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2011</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-06-24 10:16:03</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2012-07-20 13:24:57</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2012</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2012-07-20</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-00719577v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2012-07-20"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-00719577v1/file/Partially_hidden_markov_models_belief_functions_ramasso.pdf" id="file-719577-1071261">
                <date notBefore="2012-07-20"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="117362">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Martine</forename>
                  <surname>Azema</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">24ed69d7786a56d94e443068b8e2a026</email>
                <email type="domain">ens2m.fr.invalid</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00719577</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00719577</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">ramasso:hal-00719577</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson. &lt;i&gt;Belief Functions : Theory and Applications, AISC 164. Proceedings of the 2nd International Confferencr on Belief Functions, Compiègne, 9-11 Mai 2012.&lt;/i&gt;, 164, T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson, pp.359-366, 2012, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, 978-3-642-29460-0. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29461-742"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-29461-742&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson. Belief Functions : Theory and Applications, AISC 164. Proceedings of the 2nd International Confferencr on Belief Functions, Compiègne, 9-11 Mai 2012., 164, T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson, pp.359-366, 2012, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, 978-3-642-29460-0. &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/978-3-642-29461-742&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-719577-1071261"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-COMPIEGNE">Université de Technologie de Compiègne</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-FCOMTE">Université de Franche-Comté</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-BM">Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSMM">Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="FEMTO-ST" corresp="UNIV-FCOMTE">Franche-Comté Electronique, Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-BM-THESE">Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TDS-MACS">Réseau de recherche en Théorie des Systèmes Distribués, Modélisation, Analyse et Contrôle des Systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ALLIANCE-SU"> Alliance Sorbonne Université</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="da">Partially-Hidden Markov Models.</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Emmanuel</forename>
                    <surname>Ramasso</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">64193ce663bc2536f73e5f5960ec408e</email>
                  <email type="domain">lis.inpg.fr</email>
                  <ptr type="url" target="https://emmanuelramasso.github.io/"/>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">833271</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">140087-833271</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=ZA3OKi0AAAAJ</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-7453</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/P-8784-2014</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/123171199</idno>
                  <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/207206798</idno>
                  <idno type="ISNI">http://isni.org/isni/000000014093026X</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/P-8784-2014</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-866"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Noureddine</forename>
                    <surname>Zerhouni</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">15ae76f4eca03a7ca6717c17825f8453</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens2m.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">841487</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">118968-841487</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-866"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                    <surname>Denoeux</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">723a33714c46049f7203cef2e8ecf03e</email>
                  <email type="domain">hds.utc.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">tdenoeux</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">2983</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">3609-2983</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-5436</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058663495</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-389870"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="isbn">978-3-642-29460-0</idno>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="INCOMING">75106</idno>
                <title level="j">Belief Functions : Theory and Applications. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing.</title>
                <title level="m">Belief Functions : Theory and Applications, AISC 164. Proceedings of the 2nd International Confferencr on Belief Functions, Compiègne, 9-11 Mai 2012.</title>
                <editor>T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson</editor>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>T. Denoeux &amp; M.H. Masson</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">164</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">359-366</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2012</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <series>
                <editor>Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk</editor>
              </series>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/978-3-642-29461-742</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.auto">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>This paper addresses the problem of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) training and inference when the training data are composed of feature vectors plus uncertain and imprecise labels. The "soft" labels represent partial knowledge about the possible states at each time step and the "softness" is encoded by belief functions. For the obtained model, called a Partially-Hidden Markov Model (PHMM), the training algorithm is based on the Evidential Expectation-Maximisation (E2M) algorithm. The usual HMM model is recovered when the belief functions are vacuous and the obtained model includes supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning as special cases.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-866" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">152639071</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200412232H</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/004fmxv66</idno>
          <orgName>Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">FEMTO-ST</orgName>
          <date type="start">2004-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>32 avenue de l'Observatoire 25044 BESANCON CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.femto-st.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR 6174" active="#struct-300261" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300360" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR6174" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-458810" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-426438" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-389870" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">110410807</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 0452 2471</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220263C</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0075hvk77</idno>
          <orgName>Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Heudiasyc</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>UTC, CS 60319 - 57 avenue de Landshut - 60203 Compiègne cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.hds.utc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-93027" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7253" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300261" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UTBM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300360" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">201436736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05813w841</idno>
          <orgName>Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENSMM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques26, rue de l'épitapheCS 5181325030 BESANÇON CEDEX - FRANCE</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-458810" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403188</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121883779</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03pcc9z86</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Franche-Comté</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UFC</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1 rue Goudimel25030 Besançon cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-fcomte.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-426438" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-426438" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">200716271</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 4910 6615</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02dn7x778</idno>
          <orgName>Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UBFC</orgName>
          <date type="start">2015-04-01</date>
          <date type="end">2024-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>32, avenue de l’observatoire25000 BESANCON</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ubfc.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93027" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04y5kwa70</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Technologie de Compiègne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UTC</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Technologie de Compiègne - rue du Docteur Schweitzer- CS 60319 - 60203 Compiègne Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.utc.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>