<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00719422</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-24T14:09:49+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="id">Cardinal numerals in Kambaata</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Yvonne</forename>
                <surname>Treis</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e7295c0e528ec339569a377fbb8b8d04</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ytreis</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">3974</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2537025-3974</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-8716</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/13084358X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-487934"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Yvonne</forename>
                <surname>Treis</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e7295c0e528ec339569a377fbb8b8d04</email>
              <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2012-07-19 16:48:46</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2023-03-24 14:52:55</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2012-07-20 10:18:47</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2007</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2012-07-19</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-00719422v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2012-07-19"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-00719422v1/file/Treis2007_Cardinal_Numerals_in_Kambaata_pdf_of_ms.pdf" id="file-719422-254639">
                <date notBefore="2012-07-19"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="174298">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Yvonne</forename>
                  <surname>Treis</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">e7295c0e528ec339569a377fbb8b8d04</email>
                <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00719422</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00719422</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">treis:hal-00719422</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">Tomáš Machalík &amp; Jan Záhořík. &lt;i&gt;Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on African Studies&lt;/i&gt;, Dryada, pp.55-70, 2007</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Tomáš Machalík &amp; Jan Záhořík. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on African Studies, Dryada, pp.55-70, 2007</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-719422-254639"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SHS">Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INALCO">Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AO-LINGUISTIQUE">Archives ouvertes de la Linguistique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ETUDES-AFRICAINES" corresp="SHS">Etudes africaines</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LLACAN" corresp="SHS">LLACAN - Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique Noire (UMR 8135)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CAMPUS-AAR">Campus-AAR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AAI">Collection LaCAS - Open Archives in Language and Cultural Area Studies</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="1">Not set</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="id">Cardinal numerals in Kambaata</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Yvonne</forename>
                    <surname>Treis</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">e7295c0e528ec339569a377fbb8b8d04</email>
                  <email type="domain">cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ytreis</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">3974</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2537025-3974</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-8716</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/13084358X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-487934"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <title level="m">Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on African Studies</title>
                <editor>Tomáš Machalík &amp; Jan Záhořík</editor>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Dryada</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">55-70</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2007</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="ro">Cushitic</term>
                <term xml:lang="ro">Kambaata</term>
                <term xml:lang="ro">Cardinal numerals</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.langue">Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In the Cushitic language Kambaata (Ethiopia) most cardinal numerals belong to the same word class as adjectives. As modifiers they agree with their head nouns in case and gender. Only higher numerals such as '100', '1000' and 'million' are noun-like and invariantly encoded in the genitive case when modifying a head noun. The present study does not only aim at describing the characteristic morpho-syntactic features of Kambaata numerals with examples from texts and elicitation but it also points out an important aspect of the diachronic development of tens ('10', '20', ... '90'). A comparison of the Kambaata numerals with those of related languages reveals that Kambaata must have restructured its tens in recent times. In addition to the vocalic 'ten'-marking morpheme that Kambaata shares with other Highland East Cushitic languages, a morpheme -duma is suffixed; i.e. all tens are double-marked. The old (simple) forms of the tens were retained only in the numerals made up of tens plus units (e.g. '21').</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-487934" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">115137017</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121819048</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200212791Z</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/024mt9310</idno>
          <orgName>Langage, LAngues et Cultures d'Afrique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LLACAN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2002-04-01</date>
          <date type="end">2020-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus CNRS de Villejuif – 7 rue Guy Môquet – 94800 Villejuif</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://llacan.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300064" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8135" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300064" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388715</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121884202</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/023zg8w32</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Inalco</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>65, rue des Grands Moulins, 75013, PARIS.2, rue de Lille, 75007, PARIS.</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inalco.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>