Low energy dense diets (<1.6 kcal g-1) are recommended for weight management. Self-assembled, water-filled, edible nanotubes that self-organise into a more complex structure, possibly a 3D network of nanocellulose, may be used to lower the energy density of many processed foods to <1.6 kcal g-1. Durethan® KU2-2601 packaging film enables the water content of processed foods to be increased without reducing their shelf life. Food and drinks can be sweetened by adding calorie-free PurefruitTM monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) extract to them. PUREFRUIT™ is approximately 200 times sweeter than sugar and has exceptional stability. The energetic cost of the assimilation of processed and farmed foods, including sugar-sweetened liquids can be increased by increasing their protein and fibre content.