Objective: The objective of this work was to study modifications in motor control through surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity during a very short all-out cycling exercise. Methods: Twelve male cyclists (age 23 ± 4 years) participated in this study. After a warm-up period, each subject performed three allout cycling exercises of 6 s separated by 2 min of complete rest. This protocol was repeated three times with a minimum of 2 days between each session. The braking torque imposed on cycling motion was 19 N m. The sEMG of the vastus lateralis was recorded during the first seven contractions of the sprint. Time-frequency analysis of sEMG was performed using continuous wavelet transform. The mean power frequency (MPF, qualitative modifications in the recruitment of motor units) and signal energy (a quantitative indicator of modifications in the motor units recruitment) were computed for the frequency range 10-500 Hz. Results: sEMG energy increased (P 6 0.05) between contraction number 1 and 2, decreased (P 6 0.05) between contraction number 2 and 3 then stabilized between contraction number 3 and 7 during the all-out test. MPF increased (P 6 0.05) during the all-out test. This increase was more marked during the first two contractions. Conclusions: The decrease in energy and the increase in the sEMG MPF suggest a large spatial recruitment of motor units (MUs) at the beginning of the sprint followed by a preferential recruitment of faster MUs at the end of the sprint, respectively.