We present in this paper a new method of analysis and decomposition of handwritten manuscripts into glyphs (graphemes) and the construction of a code book. The various developed techniques are inspired by image processing methods in the wide sense and mathematical models with color graphs. Our approaches provide firstly a rapid and detailed characterization based on motion tracking of the feather (curvature, thickness, direction, etc.) And also a very efficient analysis method for the categorization of basic shapes: graphemes. The tools that we have produced enable paleographers to study quickly and more accurately a large volume of manuscripts and to extract a large number characteristics that are specific to an individual or an era.