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Article Dans Une Revue Food Additives and Contaminants Année : 2007

Allium cepa chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests applied to study genotoxicity of pesticide-treated vegetable extracts

Résumé

The Allium cepa assay is an efficient test for chemical screening and in situ monitoring for genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. This test has been used widely to study genotoxicity of many pesticides revealing that these compounds can induce chromosomal aberrations in root meristems of Allium cepa. Pesticide residues can be present in fruit and vegetables and represent a risk for human health. The mutagenic and carcinogenic action of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides on experimental animals is well known. Several studies have shown that chronic exposure to low levels of pesticides can cause birth defects and that prenatal exposure is associated with cancerogenicity. In this study we evaluated the potential application of plant genotoxicity tests on monitoring of mutagens in edible vegetables. The presence of pesticides and genotoxic compounds extracted from twenty-one treated vegetables and eight types of grapes sampled from several markets in Campania, a region in Southern Italy, was monitored concurrently. The extracts were analysed for pesticides by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and for genotoxicity using two plant tests: the micronucleus test and the chromosomal aberration test in Allium cepa roots. Thirty-three pesticides were found, some of which outlawed. Genotoxicity was found in some of the vegetables and grapes tested. Allium cepa tests proved to be sensitive in monitoring genotoxicity in food extracts. The micronucleus test in interphase cells gave much higher mutagenicity than the chromosomal aberration test in anaphase-telophase cells.

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hal-00577530 , version 1 (17-03-2011)

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Donatella Feretti, Ilaria Zerbini, Claudia Zani, Elisabetta Ceretti, Silvano Monarca. Allium cepa chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests applied to study genotoxicity of pesticide-treated vegetable extracts. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2007, 24 (06), pp.561-572. ⟨10.1080/02652030601113602⟩. ⟨hal-00577530⟩

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