<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00540772</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-03T06:45:07+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Adiabatic flame temperature from biofuels and fossil fuels and derived effect on NOx emissions</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">P.A.</forename>
                <surname>Glaude</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">512208-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">R.</forename>
                <surname>Fournet</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">06de4fa04c46e0c9d833d95c58f98fa8</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">rene-fournet</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">10850</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">512209-10850</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/131935003</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-7060</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">R.</forename>
                <surname>Bounaceur</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e256743e4d20ac13d97d6dfdc0016738</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">roda-bounaceur</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">4523</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1839-4523</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/152688455</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-6578</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                <surname>Molière</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">296287-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-134306"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Josiane</forename>
                <surname>Moras</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a75dd7113726e0a9660d0148dff5b02d</email>
              <email type="domain">ensic.inpl-nancy.fr.invalid</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2010-11-29 11:26:43</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2023-09-12 10:22:03</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2010-11-29 11:26:43</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2010</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-W4729C4C-Q/fulltext.pdf?sid=hal"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="109516">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Josiane</forename>
                  <surname>Moras</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">a75dd7113726e0a9660d0148dff5b02d</email>
                <email type="domain">ensic.inpl-nancy.fr.invalid</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00540772</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00540772</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">glaude:hal-00540772</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Fuel Processing Technology&lt;/i&gt;, 2010, 91 (2), pp.229-235. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.002"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.002&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91 (2), pp.229-235. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.002&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LRGP-UL">LRGP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LRGP-CITHERE">LRGP- CInétique – THERmodynamique – Énergie (CITHERE)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EMPP-UL">Pôle scientifique Energie, Mécanique, Procédés, Produits de l'Université de Lorraine</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Adiabatic flame temperature from biofuels and fossil fuels and derived effect on NOx emissions</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">P.A.</forename>
                    <surname>Glaude</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">512208-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">R.</forename>
                    <surname>Fournet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">06de4fa04c46e0c9d833d95c58f98fa8</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">rene-fournet</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">10850</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">512209-10850</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/131935003</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-7060</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">R.</forename>
                    <surname>Bounaceur</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">e256743e4d20ac13d97d6dfdc0016738</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-lorraine.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">roda-bounaceur</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">4523</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1839-4523</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/152688455</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-6578</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-211875"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">M.</forename>
                    <surname>Molière</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">296287-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-134306"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">13492</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0378-3820</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1873-7188</idno>
                <title level="j">Fuel Processing Technology</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">91</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">229-235</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2010</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.10.002</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="es">Biofuel</term>
                <term xml:lang="es">Conventional fuels</term>
                <term xml:lang="es">Gas turbine</term>
                <term xml:lang="es">Combustion</term>
                <term xml:lang="es">NOx</term>
                <term xml:lang="es">Flame temperature</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.gproc">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>There is currently a sustained interest in biofuels as they represent a potential alternative to petroleum derived fuels. Biofuels are likely to help decrease greenhouse gas emissions and the dependence on oil resources. Biodiesels are Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) that are mainly derived from vegetable oils; their compositions depend on the parent vegetables: rapeseed (“RME”), soybean (“SME”), sunflower, palm etc. A fraction of biodiesel has also an animal origin (“tallow”). A key factor for the use of biofuels in gas turbines is their emission indices (NOx, CO, VOC, and PM) in comparison with those of conventional “petroleum gasoils”. While biodiesels reduce carbon-containing pollutants, experimental data from diesel engines show a slight increase in NOx. The literature relating to gas turbines is very scarce. Two recent, independent field tests carried out in Europe (RME) and in the USA (SME) showed slightly lower NOx while a lab test on a microturbine showed the opposite effect. To clarify the NOx index of biodiesels in gas turbines, a study has been undertaken, taking gasoil and natural gas (NG) as reference fuels. In this study, a calculation of the flame temperature developed by the 3 classes of fuels has been performed and the effect of their respective compositions has been investigated. The five FAMEs studied were RME, SME and methyl esters of sunflower, palm and tallow; these are representative of most widespread vegetable and animal oil bases worldwide. The software THERGAS has been used to calculate the enthalpy and free energy properties of the fuels and GASEQ for the flame temperature (Tf), acknowledging the fact that “thermal NOx” represents the predominant form of NOx in gas turbines. To complete the approach to structural effects, we have modeled two NG compositions (rich and weak gases) and three types of gasoil using variable blends of eleven linear/branched/cyclic molecules. The results are consistent with the two recent field tests and show that the FAMEs lie close to petroleum gasoils and higher than NG in terms of NOx emission. The composition of the biodiesel and regular diesel fuel influences their combustion heat: methyl esters with double bonds see a slight increase of their Tf and their NOx index while that of gasoil is sensitive to the aromatic content.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-211875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">153068876</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000095630857</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201320573K</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]RQC--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00p6sn362</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LRGP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Lorraine - ENSIC, 1 rue de Grandville BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://lrgp.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-413289" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7274 / UPR3349" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-134306" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>GE Energy</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>20, avenue du Marcéhal Juin - BP 379 - 90007 BELFORT</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-332551" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-413289" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">157040569</idno>
          <idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]100--</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04vfs2w97</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UL</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-332551" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Product-Europe</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>