Diffusion in Pyroxenes, Mica and Amphibole
Résumé
This chapter presents an overview of diffusion data for pyroxenes, amphiboles and micas. These minerals are grouped together since amphiboles and micas are closely related in structure to pyroxenes, with amphiboles essentially constructed of alternating layers with structures of mica and pyroxene. We begin with discussion of diffusion in pyroxenes, for which an extensive literature exists, with diffusion studies of major, minor and trace elements. We consider diffusion mechanisms in light of present understanding of defect chemistry, and discuss various crystal-chemical factors that may affect cation diffusion. The last section of the chapter presents a review of diffusion data for amphiboles and micas. Selected Arrhenius relations for these all these mineral phases are summarized in the Appendix Tables A1, A2, A3 and A4. This chapter focuses primarily on cation diffusion, since oxygen, hydrogen and noble gas diffusion are discussed in other chapters; readers interested in more detailed discussion of diffusion of these species in pyroxene, amphibole and mica are directed to Chapters 10 (Farver 2010, this volume) and 11 (Baxter 2010, this volume).
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