Catégorisation de situations d'incertitude et variabilité des points de vue sur le hasard
Résumé
To address the variability of viewpoints faced with certainty, we have carried out an individual analysis of classifications and terms used to justify a type of categorisation (free or constrained), the type of items real or stochastic), and the degree of expertise in probability theory (4th year high school pupils, university teachers in psychology and mathematics). This analysis reveals the existence of common-sense knowledge related by the daily experiences shared by members of the same linguistic community. Expertise, however, leads to different contextualisations, and using knowledge related to specific practices. Regardless of the knowledge level the same subject can conceive chance differently as a function of the type of items and the goal of the task. The concept of random appears to be multiple, and rooted in the practices of the individuals.