We provide in this article a refined functional analysis of the Radon operator restricted to axisymmetric functions, and show that it enjoys strong regularity properties in fractional order Hilbert spaces. This study is motivated by a problem of tomographic reconstruction of binary axially symmetric ob jects, for which we have available one single blurred and noised snapshot. We propose a variational approach to handle this problem, consisting in solving a minimization problem settled in adapted fractional order Hilbert spaces. We show the existence of solutions, and then derive first order necessary conditions for optimality in the form of optimality systems.