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                <forename type="first">Agnès</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt; Droit et Cultures&lt;/i&gt;, 1999, 38 (2), pp.80-106</idno>
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                  <publisher>Université de Paris X-Nanterre ; L'Harmattan [1991-....]</publisher>
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                <term xml:lang="en">EHNICITY. IDENTITIES</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">CITIZENSHIP</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">AUTOCHTONY</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">BELGIUM COLONIZATION</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">XXth CENTURY</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">BLOOD GROUPS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">ANTHROPOLOGY</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">AFRICA</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">AUTOCHTONIE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">CITOYENNETE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">COLONISATION BELGE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">XXe SIECLE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">BURUNDI</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">RWANDA</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">TUTSI</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">HUTU</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">IDENTITES</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">ETHNIES</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">AFRIQUE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">GROUPES SANGUINS</term>
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              <p>The Great Lakes region of East Africa has been traditionnaly considered as the meeting area for population of various origins, different in language, culture and economic characteristics. In the past those differences where said to be “ racials ”. This argument was used by genocide ideology in Rwanda in order to prove the Hutu's only right to live in this territory. In this work we study the scientific foundations for such distinctions between Hutu, Twa and Tutsi as they were established by biological anthropology (essentially based on blood groups) from 1950 to 1985. A detailed historiographic and epistemologic analysis is proposed which describe the close connexion between science, politics and ideology in this matter of research.</p>
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              <p>La région d'Afrique orientale dite “ des grands lacs ” est traditionnellement envisagée comme le point de rencontre historique de populations d'origine géographique diverse, se distinguant par la langue et certains traits économiques et culturels. Par le passé on a considéré ces différences comme “ raciales ”. Ce thème de l'origine raciale a nourri l'idéologie génocidaire au Rwanda, servant d'argument à l'affirmation des droits exclusifs du “ peuple hutu ” sur le territoire. L'étude présentée ici examine les fondements scientifiques des catégories de l'anthropologie biologique (essentiellement les études de groupes sanguins) entre Hutu, Twa et Tutsi. Elle propose une critique historiographique des travaux publiés entre 1950 et 1985 et décrit les profondes relations entre science, politique et idéologie dans ce domaine de la recherche occidentale.</p>
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