<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00312705</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-30T23:28:45+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Interactively solving school timetabling problems using extensions of constraint programming</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Hadrien</forename>
                <surname>Cambazard</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">105630-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-95421"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Fabien</forename>
                <surname>Demazeau</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">341449-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-459360"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Narendra</forename>
                <surname>Jussien</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">cab9b2867d6350a9b70a13843959ac77</email>
              <email type="domain">telecom-lille.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">932824</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">672716-932824</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-154700"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                <surname>David</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">ac52bb3e37d2c6aeb58f25df269a0f3b</email>
              <email type="domain">imt-atlantique.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">philippe-david</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">8539</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">10641-8539</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/069257035</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-481355"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-95421"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                <surname>Fontaine</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">1db35bce4a31c4f6d23fbf67e680f0f9</email>
              <email type="domain">imt-atlantique.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2008-08-25 16:26:23</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-17 12:34:01</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2008-08-26 19:58:03</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2005</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2008-08-25</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-00312705v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2008-08-25"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-00312705v1/file/LNCS05.pdf" id="file-312705-1030817">
                <date notBefore="2008-08-25"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="128946">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Nathalie</forename>
                  <surname>Fontaine</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">1db35bce4a31c4f6d23fbf67e680f0f9</email>
                <email type="domain">imt-atlantique.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00312705</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-00312705</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">cambazard:hal-00312705</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V&lt;/i&gt;, Springer, pp.190-207, 2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11593577"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/11593577&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V, Springer, pp.190-207, 2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/11593577&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-312705-1030817"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-NANTES">Université de Nantes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MINES-NANTES">Ecole des Mines de Nantes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA">INRIA - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA-RENNES">INRIA Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LINA" corresp="UNIV-NANTES">Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LINA-TASC" corresp="LINA">LINA - TASC</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA_TEST">INRIA - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TESTALAIN1">TESTALAIN1</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INFO" corresp="MINES-NANTES">Département informatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA2">INRIA 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TDS-MACS">Réseau de recherche en Théorie des Systèmes Distribués, Modélisation, Analyse et Contrôle des Systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LS2N">Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LS2N-TASC-IMTA">Equipe Tasc</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IMTA_DAPI">IMT Atlantique - Département automatique, productique et informatique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LS2N-IMTA">LS2N - IMT Atlantique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRIA-RENGRE">INRIA-RENGRE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IMT-ATLANTIQUE" corresp="INSTITUT-MINES-TELECOM">IMT-ATLANTIQUE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="NANTES-UNIVERSITE">Nantes Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-NANTES-AV2022">Université de Nantes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSTITUT-MINES-TELECOM">Institut Mines Telecom</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="1">Not set</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Interactively solving school timetabling problems using extensions of constraint programming</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Hadrien</forename>
                    <surname>Cambazard</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">105630-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-95421"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Fabien</forename>
                    <surname>Demazeau</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">341449-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-459360"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Narendra</forename>
                    <surname>Jussien</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">cab9b2867d6350a9b70a13843959ac77</email>
                  <email type="domain">telecom-lille.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">932824</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">672716-932824</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-154700"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                    <surname>David</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">ac52bb3e37d2c6aeb58f25df269a0f3b</email>
                  <email type="domain">imt-atlantique.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">philippe-david</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">8539</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">10641-8539</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/069257035</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-481355"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-95421"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <title level="m">Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling V</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="serie">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">190-207</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2005</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/11593577</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ai">Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info.info-ro">Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [math.OC]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="COUV">Book sections</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Timetabling problems have been frequently studied due to their wide range of applications. However, they are often solved manually because of the lack of appropriate computer tools. Although many approaches mainly based on local search or constraint programming seem to have been quite successful in recent years, they are often highly dedicated to specific problems and encounter difficulties to take the dynamic and over-constrained nature of such problems. We were confronted with such an over-constrained and dynamic problem in our institution. This paper deals with a timetabling system based on constraint programming with the use of explanations to offer a dynamic behaviour and to allow automatic relaxations of constraints. Our tool has successfully answered the needs of the current planner by providing solutions in a few minutes instead of a week of manual design.We present in this paper the techniques used, the results obtained and a discussion on the effects of the automation of the timetabling process.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-95421" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LINA</orgName>
          <date type="end">2016-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>LINA - Faculté des Sciences 2 rue de la Houssinière - BP 92208 44322 NANTES CEDEX 3</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/lina</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-84538" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-97058" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93263" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR6241" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-459360" status="VALID">
          <orgName>ISoft [Saint-Aubin]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de l'Orme, Parc “Les Algorithmes” Bâtiment Euclide, 91190 Saint-Aubin</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-154700" status="OLD">
          <idno type="RNSR">201120985S</idno>
          <orgName>Theory, Algorithms and Systems for Constraints</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TASC</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>École des Mines de NantesDépartement Informatique4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 2072244307 Nantes Cedex 03, France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/equipes/tasc</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-95421" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-84538" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-97058" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-93263" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR6241" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-95953" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-419153" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-84538" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Mines Nantes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Mines Nantes</orgName>
          <date type="start">1991-10-08</date>
          <date type="end">2016-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>La Chantrerie - 4, rue Alfred Kastler - BP 20722 - 44307 Nantes cedex 3</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mines-nantes.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-97058" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UN UFR ST</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2, rue de la Houssinière - BP 92208 - 44322 Nantes cedex 3</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.sciences-techniques.univ-nantes.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-93263" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-93263" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403447</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03gnr7b55</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Nantes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UN</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1, quai de Tourville - BP 13522 - 44035 Nantes cedex 1</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-nantes.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="department" xml:id="struct-95953" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Département informatique - EMN</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722 44307 NANTES Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-84538" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-419153" status="VALID">
          <idno type="RNSR">198018249C</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04040yw90</idno>
          <orgName>Centre Inria de l'Université de Rennes</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus de beaulieu35042 Rennes cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/centre/rennes</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300009" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300009" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02kvxyf05</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Inria</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Domaine de VoluceauRocquencourt - BP 10578153 Le Chesnay Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inria.fr/en/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>