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              <p>The development of education (essentially primary schooling) has been considered since the beginning of the nineteenth century as a major process and notably characteristic of developed capitalist societies. This being so, in spite of abundant literature devoted to this extremely delicate subject for more than 50years, there has still been no in-depth, quantitative research on the origin of the phenomenon and above all on the historical process that led to it. French research since the end of World War 2 in particular, with fresh work in the field of research on education, has generally merely noted this development, considering the interpretation to be obvious. We have a different conception, considering that the increase in school attendance in France requires a fresh conceptual approach and new empirical and theoretical validation work. For this, our cliometric study of the convergence process of primary education by administrative department in France before the Ferry laws is based on retrospective national accounts and econometric methods.</p>
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              <p>Depuis le début du XIXe siècle, le développement de l’éducation (de l’instruction primaire essentiellement) a été considéré comme un processus majeur, particulièrement caractéristique des sociétés capitalistes développées. Ceci étant, malgré l’abondante littérature consacrée depuis plus de cinquante ans à ce sujet si délicat, il n’existe pas encore de recherche approfondie et quantitative sur l’origine de ce phénomène et surtout sur le processus historique qui l’a conduit. Les recherches françaises qui, depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale notamment, ont renouvelé le domaine des études sur l’enseignement se sont généralement contentées de prendre acte de ce développement, et en ont tenu l’interprétation pour évidente. Notre conception est différente. Nous pensons que la croissance de la scolarisation en France nécessite un renouvellement conceptuel et un travail neuf de validation empirique et théorique. Pour ce faire, notre étude cliométrique du processus de convergence de l’instruction primaire par département en France avant les Lois Ferry s’appuie sur les méthodes de la comptabilité nationale rétrospective et de l’économétrie.</p>
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