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            <title xml:lang="en">Technological Progress, Organizational Change and the Size of the Human Resources Department</title>
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              <p>Innovative workplace practices based on multi-tasking and ICT that have been diffusing in most OECD countries since the 1990s have strong consequences on working conditions. Available data show together with the emergence of new organizational forms like multi-tasking, the increase in the proportion of workers employed in managerial occupation and the increase in skill requirements. This paper proposes a theoretical model to analyze the optimal number of tasks per worker when switching to multi-tasking raises coordination costs between workers and between tasks. Firms can reduce coordination costs by assigning more workers to human resources management. Human capital is endogenously accumulated by workers. The model reproduces pretty well the regularities observed in the data. In particular, exogenous technological accelerations tend to increase both the number of tasks performed and the skill requirements, and to raise the fraction of workers devoted to management.</p>
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              <p>Les changements organisationnels reposant sur la polyvalence et les TIC qui se sont diffusés dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE depuis les années 1990 ont de fortes conséquences sur les conditions de travail. Les données disponibles montrent, parallèlement à l'émergence de nouvelles formes organisationnelles fondées sur la polyvalence, une augmentation de la main d'oeuvre employée dans les postes managériaux et une augmentaion des besoins en qualification. Cet article propose un modèle théorique analysant l'allocation optimale du nombre de tâches par individu lorsque le passage à une organisation fondée sur la polyvalence accroît les coûts de coordination entre les individus et les tâches. Les entreprises peuvent réduire ces coûts de coordination en affectant plus de salariés à la gestion des ressources humaines. Le capital humain est accumulé de manière endogène par les travailleurs. Le modèle reproduit assez bien les régularités observées dans les données. En particulier, des accélérations technologiques endogènes tendent à accroître à la fois le nombre de tâches tréalisées et les besoins en qualification, tout en augmentant la part de la main d' qui se consacre à la gestion des ressources humaines.</p>
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