The polymorphism of caseins, ?-lactalbumin and ß-lactoglobulin was investigated in African Bos taurus (N?Dama, Baoulé, Kuri) and Bos indicus (Shuwa Arab, Sudanese Fulani) populations. The respective frequencies of alleles ?s1-CnB and ?s1-CnC in the N?Dama (0.89 and 0.11) and Baoulé (0.92 and 0.08) breeds were almost opposite to those found in the Shuwa Arab zebu (0.22 and 0.78), a true zebu, which confirms a phenomenon already documented in the literature. Because the ?s1-CnB, ß-CnA1, ?-CnB haplotype was strongly predominant in N?Dama and Baoulé (0.56 and 0.60), as compared to the ?s1-CnC, ß-CnA2, ?-CnA haplotype in the Shuwa Arab zebu (0.63), an opposite trend in frequencies was also observed between taurines and zebus at the ß-Cn and ?-Cn loci. These results confirm that the polymorphism of caseins provides an efficient marker system to discriminate Bos taurus from Bos indicus origins. The Kuri was at an intermediate position, since, in this population, the ?s1-CnB allele predominated as in taurines, while the ?s1-CnC, ß-CnA2, ?-CnA. The polymorphism of caseins, ?-lactalbumin and ß-lactoglobulin was investigated in African Bos taurus (N?Dama, Baoulé, Kuri) and Bos indicus (Shuwa Arab, Sudanese Fulani) populations. The respective frequencies of alleles ?s1-CnB and ?s1-CnC in the N?Dama (0.89 and 0.11) and Baoulé (0.92 and 0.08) breeds were almost opposite to those found in the Shuwa Arab zebu (0.22 and 0.78), a true zebu, which confirms a phenomenon already documented in the literature. Because