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                <term xml:lang="fr">écotourisme</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">conservation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</term>
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              <p>National parks in South Africa, legacies of “green apartheid”, are reserved for white people, national or international tourists. In fact, a majority of poor black people, are accumulating frustrations and consequently are using illegal practices of deforestation or poaching. Political stakeholders think that ecotourism is the miraculous solution for local development (example of Greater St Lucia Wetland Park recognised world heritage site in 1999). Development of ecotourism in this territory reveal other problems as past legacy management, real participation of people, redistribution of benefices, confusion in territorial management and ambiguous motivations and manipulations of environmental stakeholders.</p>
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              <p>Les parcs naturels en Afrique du Sud, héritiers de « l'apartheid vert » sont réservés pour les Blancs et les touristes. En revanche, les populations noires, majoritairement très pauvres, accumulent les frustrations et ont souvent recours à des pratiques illégales- mais légitimes - de déforestation et de braconnage, comme le montre l'exemple du parc de St Lucia. Les acteurs politiques et associatifs envisagent pourtant l'écotourisme comme la solution miracle pour le développement local. Derrière ce masque se profilent avec gravité la gestion des héritages, la participation des populations, la redistribution de la manne touristique, le flou des prérogatives des nouveaux pouvoirs locaux et les motivations ambiguës des acteurs environnementalistes.</p>
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