L'hélium trois polarisé: un "nouveau" fluide quantique?
Résumé
We study the physical properties of a 3He fluid, in which all nuclear spins are parallel to each other (fully polarized 3He). At low temperatures, significant differences can exist between of this polarized fluid and ordinary Helium 3. The origin of the differences is purely quantum mechanical and arises from the Pauli exclusion principla. At low densities, only the transport properties of eht gas are modified. At higher densities, the equilibriium propertiees (virial coefficients) are also changed by the nuclear polarisation. We also predict changes oif the liquid-vapour or liquid-solid equilibrium pressures, as well as modifications of the 3He-4He misture phase diagram. This article gives a preliminary theoretical discusion of these new effects; experimental prospects are also briefly discussed.